Biosimilars

Deal struck over development of Herceptin biosimilar

Netherlands-based biopharmaceutical company Synthon announced on 18 July 2012 that it has entered into a global licensing agreement with Amgen and Watson Pharmaceuticals for the clinical development and testing of biosimilar trastuzumab as an alternative to Roche’s blockbuster anticancer agent Herceptin. The deal follows the results of a phase I trial reported on 22 March 2012 showing bioequivalence between Synthon’s trastuzumab and Herceptin [1].

Positive results from phase I study with biosimilar insulin glargine

Leading biotech company Biocon announced on 25 July 2012 positive results from a phase I comparative study conducted in Germany of its biosimilar insulin glargine in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients.

Biosimilar monoclonal antibody approved in Korea

South Korean biotechnology company Celltrion announced on 23 July 2012 that the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) had approved its first monoclonal antibody, Remsima.

US supreme court ruling means biosimilars pathway safe

On 28 June 2012 the US Supreme Court ruled in favour of the bulk of the Affordable Care Act, meaning that the biosimilars pathway, which is part of the act, is now also safe.

Biosimilar infliximab equivalence proven in phase III trial

Results from a phase III trial of biosimilar infliximab have proven the equivalence of South Korean biotechnology company Celltrion’s biosimilar (CT-P13) and the reference product – Johnson & Johnson’s rheumatoid arthritis blockbuster Remicade (infliximab) in terms of safety and efficacy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis [1].

Copaxone sees off generics challenge

Teva received a major boost in June 2012, after a US court backed the Israeli firm in a patent dispute concerning its multiple sclerosis blockbuster Copaxone (glatiramer acetate).

US$67 billion worth of biosimilar patents expiring before 2020

Last updated: 20 January 2014

Twelve biological products with global sales of more than US$67 billion will be exposed to biosimilar competition by 2020, with Enbrel (etanercept) whose US patent has been extended until 2028, scoring global sales of US$7.3 billion by December 2011; coming in second after Humira (adalimumab) with global sales of US$7.9 billion [1].

Phase I trial of biosimilar infliximab proves biosimilarity

Results from a phase I trial of biosimilar infliximab have proven the equivalence of South Korean biotechnology company Celltrion’s biosimilar (CT-P13) and the reference product – Johnson & Johnson’s rheumatoid arthritis blockbuster Remicade (infliximab) in terms of pharmacokinetic parameters, as well as in safety and efficacy in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis [1].

Small molecule versus biological drugs

Biological drugs are large and complex, often consisting of heterogeneous mixtures. They are generally made in genetically engineered cells that impose their own variabilities–in post-translation modifications such as glycosylation–on the processes used to make such drugs.

Amgen welcomes biosimilar monoclonal antibody guideline

In a statement issued on 18 June 2012, biologicals major Amgen announced that the company broadly supports the scientific principles behind the guideline on non-clinical and clinical aspects for biosimilar monoclonal antibodies recently issued by EMA [1]. The company added that the guideline aims at maintaining a high standard for approval of a biosimilar in the EU.

Trials of biosimilar monoclonal antibody prove biosimilarity

South Korean biotechnology company Celltrion presented the PLANET clinical studies results of phase I and phase III trials for its first monoclonal antibody biosimilar (CT-P13) of Johnson & Johnson’s rheumatoid arthritis blockbuster Remicade (infliximab) at the Annual Congress of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) held in Berlin, Germany, on 6–9 June 2012. The results demonstrated the biosimilarity of CT-P13 to the reference drug, supporting the company’s intention to launch the biosimilar monoclonal antibody globally.

Successful phase III trial of biosimilar r-FSH

Finox Biotech announced on 6 June 2012 that the company’s pivotal phase III study with Afolia, a biosimilar recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (r-FSH), in patients undergoing assisted reproduction technology (ART), had met its primary endpoint.

Merck KGaA and Dr Reddy’s to collaborate on biosimilar mAbs

Pharma major Merck KGaA announced on 6 June 2012 its first steps into the biosimilars market, with an agreement with India-based generics manufacturer Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (Dr Reddy’s) to co-develop biosimilar cancer drugs.

Prescriber caution is likely over biosimilars

The experience with generic medicines is a sign that prescribers are likely to be cautious, and in some cases concerned, about the use of biosimilars as alternatives to brand-name drugs.

Alternative delivery devices for biosimilars

FDA, in its draft guidance for biosimilars, has said that biosimilars can use different drug delivery devices than the corresponding reference product.

Biosimilars approved and marketed in The Netherlands

Last updated: 1 June 2012

The Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB) – College ter Beoordeling van Geneesmiddelen (CBG) – is responsible for the approval of marketing authorisation of medicinal products including biosimilars in The Netherlands.

FDA’s public hearing on biosimilars draft guidances

On 11 May 2012, FDA held a public hearing to gain input on their draft guidances relating to the development of biosimilar products and it seems that the guidances were generally well accepted.

Immunogenicity of biologicals

This article discusses the issue of immunogenicity with respect to originator biologicals and biosimilars [1].

US Supreme Court looks set to challenge Affordable Care Act

The United States Supreme Court is reviewing the constitutionality of the provision in the Affordable Care Act providing that individuals should take personal responsibility for paying for their health care by obtaining health insurance or pay a fine. The move could mean that the Supreme Court rejects the whole healthcare law, including the biosimilars pathway created by the healthcare reform.

Biosimilars approved and marketed in Belgium

Last updated: 18 May 2012 

The Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products (FAMHP), formerly the Directorate-General for Medicinal Products of the Federal Public Service (FPS) Public Health, created in January 2007, is the official authority for medicines and health products in Belgium and is also responsible for authorising biosimilars in Belgium [1]. This is carried out via the EU procedures (centralised, national, mutual recognition or decentralised) and following EMA guidelines for biosimilars.

Daiichi Sankyo and Coherus BioSciences make biosimilars deal

Coherus BioSciences and Daiichi Sankyo announced on 7 May 2012 that the two companies had made an exclusive agreement to develop and commercialise biosimilars of etanercept and rituximab in certain Asian countries including Japan.

Biosimilar filgrastim provides cost savings for treating febrile neutropenia

Professor Aapro and co-authors have performed a cost-efficiency analysis for the three most common granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) products used to treat febrile neutropenia: filgrastim (Neupogen, Amgen) and its biosimilar (Zarzio, Sandoz/Novartis) and the pegylated form of filgrastim, pegfilgrastim (Neulasta, Amgen) [1]. Filgrastim is more cost-efficient than pegfilgrastim for up to 12 days of treatment: beyond 12 days, pegfilgrastim becomes the most cost-efficient of the two. But above all, biosimilar filgrastim is the most cost saving compared to both originator filgrastim and pegfilgrastim.

Also noted on biosimilars: 11 May 2012

Sandoz testimony at FDA hearing on biosimilars will emphasise need for consistent regulatory standards across all biologicals
Sandoz announced on 9 May 2012 that Dr Mark McCamish, Head of Global Biopharmaceutical Development, would present on behalf of the Novartis Group of companies (Novartis) at the 11 May 2012 FDA public hearing on draft guidances for biosimilars.

The message he will convey will focus on the need for a single science-based regulatory standard that FDA should apply across all biologicals, irrespective of the business model of the sponsor. As well as a single standard, Dr McCamish will address the points that biosimilar clinical studies should be only confirmatory and the fact that interchangeability is critical to maximising access to affordable biosimilars for US patients.

Source: Sandoz

Bayer opposes sorafenib compulsory licence in India

German pharma giant Bayer told Reuters on 5 May 2012 it had challenged a decision by the Indian Government, which allows India-based generics firm Natco Pharma to sell a generic version of Bayer’s liver and kidney cancer drug Nexavar (sorafenib) in India, before its patent expires in 2020.

Abbott asks FDA to block adalimumab biosimilar

Abbott Laboratories (Abbott) submitted a 30-page citizen petition to FDA on 2 April 2012 asking the agency to reject any biosimilar for its rheumatoid arthritis drug Humira (adalimumab). Abbott says that FDA would be forced to use trade secrets included in Humira’s Biologics License Application (BLA) to approve biosimilars. Abbott is therefore requesting that FDA refuses to review any biosimilar biological whose BLA was submitted before the Biologic Price Competition and Innovation (BPCI) Act of 2009 came into effect on 23 March 2010.

Bioavailability comparison of brand-name and generic acetylcysteine in China

A study comparing brand-name and generic acetylcysteine in China by Liu et al has shown that the generics test formulation was bioequivalent to the originator drug [1].

EMA reviews its first biosimilar monoclonal antibody

According to EMA’s list of applications for new human medicines under evaluation by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use released in April 2012 the agency will be reviewing a new application for a biosimilar version of infliximab.

Study of biosimilar enoxaparins in Brazil

Analysis of biosimilar enoxaparins available for clinical use in Brazil by the Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo in Brazil have shown that the biosimilar preparations of enoxaprain are similar to the originator drug [1].

Novartis versus the Indian patent system

The Indian patent system is once again under scrutiny as a final decision in the case of Novartis versus the Indian patent system is eagerly awaited by originator biologicals and biosimilars manufacturers alike. However, any decision on the case has been delayed until 10 July 2012.

Samsung to launch biosimilars by 2015 at half the current prices

South Korean electronics giant Samsung told the Financial Times that it plans to launch biosimilars by 2015 at half the prices that patients in Europe and the US currently pay.

Biocon opens new research centre

Indian biosimilars major Biocon, announced on 5 April 2012 the opening of a new state-of-the-art Integrated Research and Development Centre in Bangalore, India.

EMA publishes procedural advice for biosimilars

On 11 April 2012, EMA published a new document on regulatory procedural advice for biosimilars.

Biosimilars dilemma over reference products

Global manufacturers of biosimilars have a dilemma on their hands concerning reference products. What to do to reduce the burden of data required in different countries and regions of the world to get their biosimilars onto the market?

Also noted on biosimilars: 13 April 2012

Palivizumab biosimilar successfully produced in plants
Biotechnology company iBio, self-professed leader in the plant-made pharmaceutical field, announced on 10 April 2012 that it had successfully used its iBioLaunch technology to produce biosimilar palivizumab in non-transgenic green plants.

This is the second monoclonal antibody that the company has successfully produced. Back in October 2011 the company announced the successful use of its technology to produce rituximab.

Related article

Rituximab biosimilar successfully produced in plants

Source: iBio

Current and future issues surrounding biosimilars

Biological medicines are already becoming an increasingly important part of health care. With patent expiries on originator biological products, biosimilars are also increasingly become a part of this future [1]. In fact, by 2020 twelve of the top-selling biologicals will have lost patent protection, opening up an estimated US$24 billion in EU sales and US$30 billion in US sales [2].

BIO and GPhA support biosimilar and generic user fees

Both the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) and the Generic Pharmaceutical Association (GPhA) have expressed their support of user fees for biosimilars and generics.

Also noted on biosimilars: 6 April 2012

Amgen and AstraZeneca make monoclonal antibody deal
Biotech giant Amgen and pharma major AstraZeneca announced on 2 April 2012 an agreement to jointly develop and commercialise five monoclonal antibodies from Amgen’s clinical inflammation portfolio (AMG 139, AMG 157, AMG 181, AMG 557 and brodalumab [AMG 827]), which are expected to be used to treat inflammatory diseases.

As part of the deal AstraZeneca will make an upfront payment of US$50 million and the companies will then share both costs and profits. The collaboration will provide Amgen with additional resources to optimally progress its portfolio and Amgen will benefit from the strong respiratory, inflammation and asthma development expertise of MedImmune–AstraZeneca’s biologicals arm.

Related articles

Amgen finally jumps on biosimilars bandwagon

AstraZeneca expands its generics business with Indian agreements

Source: Amgen, AstraZeneca

Reimbursement of biosimilars

The evidence required to obtain marketing authorisation for a biosimilar by the regulatory authority is not always the same as that required by the reimbursement authority [1]. This can cause problems for biosimilars manufacturers when planning clinical trials in order to obtain both marketing and reimbursement approval.

Biosimilars will not be able to use ANDA pathway to approval

FDA’s highly anticipated guidance for biosimilars finally arrived on 10 February 2012 with the release of three draft guidance documents [1]. Some have complained that the guidance is too vague, however, FDA’s denial of three citizen’s petitions have perhaps made some issues clearer.

Also noted on biosimilars: 30 March 2012

Bioequivalence of biosimilar trastuzumab to Herceptin proven in phase I trial
Biopharmaceutical company Synthon announced on 22 March 2012 that all in vitro and in vivo studies conducted so far have shown the biosimilar behaviour of Synthon’s trastuzumab in comparison with the reference product, Herceptin. The outcome of the phase I clinical trial confirmed these results, showing bioequivalence of Synthon’s trastuzumab to Herceptin. Synthon confirmed that its biosimilar trastuzumab will now enter a confirmatory phase III clinical trial in breast cancer patients.

Source: Synthon

Fujifilm and Kyowa launch biosimilars joint venture

The Japanese digital camera maker Fujifilm Corporation (Fujifilm) and biotech firm Kyowa Hakko Kirin (Kyowa) announced on 27 March 2012 that they have launched their biosimilars joint venture, which will initially focus on the development of biosimilar adalimumab.

FDA announces public hearing on biosimilars’ guidelines

FDA has announced a one-day public hearing to be held on 11 May 2012, in Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. During the meeting FDA hopes ‘to obtain input on recently issued draft guidelines relating to the development of biosimilar products.’

Pricing of biosimilars

For small molecule generics, reductions in price of around 80% have been observed after the first six months to a year of generics entry to the market in countries such as Germany, UK and the US [1, 2]. Biosimilars, however, are an entirely different entity.

Dr Reddy’s looks to biosimilars for growth

Generics giant Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (Dr Reddy’s) has been betting big on biosimilars and it seems that the risk is paying off, as the company announced record profits for the last quarter of 2011.

GE Healthcare expands biologicals business

GE Healthcare, the health business of General Electric, announced on 7 March 2012 that it had reached an agreement to acquire biologicals manufacturer Xcellerex.

Pfizer and Biocon’s biosimilar insulin deal is off

Pfizer, the world’s largest pharma company, and Indian biosimilars major Biocon announced on 12 March 2012 that they had decided to end their biosimilar insulin deal due to ‘differing priorities’.

Also noted on biosimilars: 16 March 2012

Boehringer Ingelheim expands biologicals manufacturing capacity
Boehringer Ingelheim announced on 29 February 2012 the expansion of its biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing capabilities at its cell culture and microbial sites in Biberach, Germany and Vienna, Austria. The company has invested around Euros 17 million in order to improve good manufacturing practice and to expand cell banking, process science, cell line development and quality laboratories.

Source: Boehringer Ingelheim

European biosimilars market to reach almost US$4 billion by 2017

According to researchers at Frost & Sullivan, the European market for biosimilars will experience strong growth in the coming years due to patent expiries of blockbuster biologicals between 2010 and 2017. Cost containment strategies being implemented by governments and healthcare service providers are also given credit for shifting sales towards cheaper biosimilars.

Comparability studies and substitution of biosimilars

In order to demonstrate similarity between the biosimilar and the biological reference product, both products must be compared to satisfy quality, safety and efficacy requirements [1].

Biosimilar alliance between Celerion and Ricerca

Contract research organisations (CROs) Celerion and Ricerca Biosciences announced on 29 February 2012 the formation of an integrated service solution for the development of biosimilar products.

WHO definitions of biosimilars

Confusion often surrounds terms used in the global field of generics and biosimilars [1].

FDA discusses biosimilars guidance

FDA issued its long-awaited guidance for biosimilar applications on 10 February 2012 in the form of three draft guidance documents [1]. In a webinar on 15 February 2012 FDA discussed some of the issues surrounding biosimilar products and expanded on some of the requirements contained within the guidance documents.

Biosimilars interchangeability, increased costs and burden for FDA

Biosimilars manufacturers in the US are faced with many hurdles, including untested regulatory pathways, patent challenges and manufacturing issues associated with making such complicated molecules. On top of this drugmakers also need to take into account the higher marketing costs that may be associated with biosimilars.

Oncologists urged to embrace biosimilars to help control spiraling costs of cancer care

Oncologists have been urged to embrace biosimilar drug substitution to help control the spiraling costs of cancer care. However, they have been warned that the optimal realisation of such a programme requires successful educational initiatives and the development of effective working partnerships with pharmacists and patients [1].

Regulation of biosimilars in the US

The US pharmaceutical industry plays a vital role in shaping the face of American health care. With major patent expiries and thin product pipelines, the industry is now considering new directions to maintain growth and stability. Biological drugs, derived from living organisms, represent a growing opportunity for big pharmaceutical firms. They command high prices, will probably have fewer firms making them than generics due to high barriers to entry, and play to the existing strengths of big pharma firms. But will the recent healthcare legislation provide the way for consistent FDA regulation? What is the most likely way in which biologicals will enter the market over the next few years?

Biosimilars: demonstrating ‘similarity’

Most biological drugs are mixtures of closely related compounds, some of which are probably more active than others. Today, the state-of-the-art manufacturing struggles to deliver material that is similar to the prior batch from the same facility and team [1]. Identical is currently not possible, therefore ‘similar’ is the route that authorities in Europe and the US are going down.

Successful completion of biosimilar infliximab programme

South Korean biotechnology company Celltrion announced on 1 February 2012 the successful completion of the company’s clinical programme for its (CT-P13) biosimilar of Johnson & Johnson’s rheumatoid arthritis blockbuster Remicade (infliximab).

Quality by design in biomanufacturing

In January 2011, FDA published its long-awaited guidance for industry on Process Validation: General Principles and Practices [1].This replaces the previous 1987 version (updated 2004) and it is understandably a big change for some whose whole career has been dominated by the previous approach. The question is: why was a change needed and how drastic is it?

EMA risk management plans may increase prescriber confidence in biosimilars

In the absence of observational (phase IV) data, EMA’s stipulation that all marketing applications for new generation biosimilars contain individual risk management plans may help to increase prescriber confidence in the compounds [1].

Registration of biosimilars in Europe and the US

Europe is way ahead of the US in terms of biosimilars regulation. A legal framework for approving biosimilars in the EU was established in 2003 and guidelines for an abbreviated registration process were issued in 2006 [1].

Spinnovation enters biosimilar collaboration with Quantum Tessera

Dutch-based bioanalysis specialist Spinnovation Biologics (Spinnovation) announced on 24 January 2012 that it had entered into a collaboration with US-based consulting company Quantum Tessera.

Factors affecting market access of biosimilars

Growth in the use of biosimilars is being driven by the need to reduce healthcare costs, patent expiries on blockbuster originator biologicals and better-defined regulatory pathways.

Production of 24 biogeneric products in Iran by 2012

According to reports on Iran’s English-language television network, Press TV, Iran is making significant advances in biogeneric products and biotechnology drugs and is planning to start the production of 24 additional biogeneric products drugs by the end of 2012.

Amphastar and Watson launch biosimilar enoxaparin

US generics manufacturer Watson Pharmaceuticals announced on 26 January 2012 that Amphastar Pharmaceuticals and Watson had been granted their request for a stay of the preliminary injunction preventing the companies from marketing or selling Amphastar’s enoxaparin sodium injection.

Sandoz starts phase III trials for biosimilar filgrastim and pegfilgrastim

On 19 January 2012, Sandoz, the generic drug division of Swiss drug giant Novartis AG, announced that it had started two phase III clinical trials, one for biosimilar filgrastim (Amgen’s Neupogen) for the US market and the other for its global pegfilgrastim (Amgen’s Neulasta) development programme.

Physician perceptions of generics substitution

How do physicians perceive generics substitution? Many patients do not communicate with their physicians regarding out-of-pocket expenses or medication choices. Therefore, understanding physicians’ perceptions about the quality and efficacy of generics could help to identify potential barriers to increasing the use of generic drugs [1].

Roche encounters manufacturing issues with epoetin-beta

The Spanish regulatory agency has found deviations in the quality of the manufacture of Switzerland-based F. Hoffmann-La Roche’s biological anaemia treatment Mircera (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta), a long acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agent; and is recommending patients to change to other epoetins.

Relative effectiveness and cost minimisation for biosimilars

The second of two articles on the use of economic evaluations to guide the use of expensive treatment.

Baxter and Momenta make biosimilars deal

Baxter International (Baxter) and Momenta Pharmaceuticals (Momenta) announced on 22 December 2011 that they had entered into a global collaboration agreement to develop and commercialise biosimilars.

Top developments in biosimilars during 2011

Over the past year, a lot has happened in the biosimilars industry.

Amgen finally jumps on biosimilars bandwagon

Biotech giant Amgen and US generics manufacturer Watson Pharmaceuticals (Watson) announced on 19 December 2011 that the two companies had agreed to collaborate on the development and commercialisation of several cancer antibody biosimilars.

Hospira starts phase III programme for biosimilar erythropoietin

Hospira, self-proclaimed leader in injectable generics, announced on 9 January 2012 that the company had enrolled the first patient in its phase III programme in the US for its biosimilar erythropoietin (EPO).

India at the biotech crossroads

‘Indian biotech is at a crossroads. It must not only address the significant health needs of its domestic population, but also position itself to take advantage of the often more profitable global marketplace.’ [1]

First biosimilar G-CSF in Japan

Mochida Pharmaceuticals (Mochida) and development partner Fuji Pharma announced on 26 December 2011 that they had filed respective applications for the first biosimilar granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in Japan.

The cost-effectiveness of biosimilars

The biotechnology market is growing rapidly, driven by the imminent patent expiry of several major biologicals and enabled by the establishment of regulatory frameworks. The key driver for the biosimilars market is likely to be cost containment pressures in healthcare systems in the context of aging populations and of the current financial and economic crisis [1]. Because the medicines involved are so expensive, even a modest price reduction in percentage terms generates savings in the billions of euros over the EU as a whole [2].

Samsung makes biosimilars deal with Biogen Idec

Korean electronics giant Samsung announced on 6 December 2011 that it had entered into a biosimilars joint venture with US biotechnology company Biogen Idec (Biogen).

FDA biosimilar user fees meeting

FDA announced a public meeting to be held on 16 December 2011 to discuss its recommendations for the agency’s biosimilars user fee programme for 2013–17.

Health Canada definitions of generics and biosimilars

Attention has been brought to the fact that there is confusion surrounding terms used in the global field of generics and biosimilars. Some of this confusion has been attributed to authorities in various regions of the world defining terms differently and other instances are due to a misunderstanding of the actual nature, characteristics, and method of research and manufacture of these biological products.

Interchangeability (switching and alternating) of biosimilars

The Biologics Price Competition and Innovation (BPCI) Act of 2009 established an abbreviated Biologic License Application (aBLA) pathway for the approval of biosimilars in the US. This act also established the principles of interchangeability (along with switching and alternating) with the reference product. However, the concept of biosimilarity and interchangeability for biosimilars is very different from that of bioequivalence and drug interchangeability for generics [1].

Indian Transgene sells biosimilar to German TSS Export

India-based biotech company Transgene Biotek Limited (Transgene) announced on 24 November 2011 the sale of technology for biosimilar recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) to TSS Export GmbH FZE, part of the Germany-based TSS group, for US$5 million (Indian Rupees 260 million).