Biosimilars

For complex biosimilars in EU: drop clinical comparability

Clinical trials required by European regulators to compare biosimilar products with corresponding biologic brands are surplus to requirements and may even be a barrier for the development of biosimilars of more complicated biologics, state Professor Huub Schellekens and Dr Ellen Moors of Utrecht University, The Netherlands, in a Nature Biotechnology Commentary of January 2010. “If you look in detail at the accepted and rejected biosimilars and the differences, then you might conclude that proof of clinical equivalence is actually overdue,” comments Professor Arnold Vulto of the Erasmus MC, Rotterdam.

New method for producing human-like glycosylated MAbs

As reported online on 28 February 2010 in Nature Chemical Biology, Professor Lai-Xi Wang, Professor Markus Aebi and colleagues describe a new bacterial method for producing homogeneous eukaryotic N-glycoproteins.

GTC achieves high-level production of TG20, a biobetter anti-CD20 MAb with enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

GTC Biotherapeutics announced on 1 March 2010 that it has achieved high-level production of TG20; an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (MAb). The TG20 MAb, which is produced in the milk of transgenic goats, is being co-developed by GTC and LFB as part of an LFB-GTC joint venture.

Glycosylation technologies for biosimilars and ‘biobetters’

According to Mr Hans Baumeister and Mr Steffen Goletz of Glycotope, human cell lines providing a human glycosylation pattern – such as those of Crucell (PER.C6), Cevec (CAP) and Glycotope (GlycoExpress) – have attracted increasing amounts of attention over the past years. In the case of biosimilars, regulatory approval now requires an extensive programme of bioequivalence studies to be undertaken to characterise the product in terms of its biochemical properties, safety and activity. As a consequence, glycosylated biosimilars need to be equipped with a similar pattern of glycosylation. For example, the degree of sialylation should not deviate by more than 20% from that of the original product. Hence, the chosen cell clone with high productivity has to be able to provide post-translational modifications as closely related to the originator’s cell line as possible. However, since glycosylation differs within clones, during the bioequivalence study it is often realised that the product carries different carbohydrates, usually resulting in a hyposialylation; this requires the screening process to be repeated in order to identify a new cell clone that is able to provide the equivalent glycosylation. Several glycosylation analysis technologies are available for the development and production of glycosylated biotherapeutics, applicable to both biosimilars and second-generation ‘biobetters’ (see Table 1).

Biosimilar epoetin zeta gets positive EMA-CHMP opinion for SC route in renal patients in EU

Hospira announced on 22 February 2010 that the EMA’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has recommended for approval the administration of Retacrit (epoetin zeta) subcutaneously in the nephrology setting. This provides an alternative option to intravenous (IV) delivery of the drug for the symptomatic treatment of anaemia associated with chronic renal failure. Final approval by the European Commission is expected in the next few months, which will result in marketing authorisation for Retacrit subcutaneous (SC) administration in all EU Member States.

Rituximab gets US FDA approval for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

The US FDA has approved Roche’s Genentech/Biogen Idec's anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituxan/MabThera (rituximab) plus chemotherapy for people with either previously untreated or previously treated (relapsed or refractory) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).

As pointed out by Scrip, MabThera was approved in the EU in 2009 for these same indications. However, US approval was held up by a complete response letter issued by the FDA in November 2009. The companies said then that the agency had not requested any new data to complete its review of these applications, but that they were continuing final labelling discussions.

How to tackle overcapacity in monoclonal antibody production

In the early days, most monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapies required high dosages, as pointed out by Ms Gail Dutton in a Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News Feature Article on 15 February 2010 (see also Monoclonal antibodies modelling - predictive analytics, Improving monoclonal antibody production - antibody-drug conjugate technology and Modern monoclonal antibody production - focus on quality by design, timelines, cost)

Monoclonal antibodies modelling - predictive analytics

Improved analytics is helping to ensure that the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) quality attributes of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are identified as early as possible, determining both the desirable and undesirable characteristics, as pointed out by Ms Gail Dutton in a Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News Feature Article on 15 February 2010 (see also How to tackle overcapacity in monoclonal antibody production, Improving monoclonal antibody production - antibody-drug conjugate technology and Modern monoclonal antibody production - focus on quality by design, timelines, cost)

Improving monoclonal antibody production - antibody-drug conjugate technology

Researchers are developing new approaches to improve monoclonal antibody (MAb) production, as pointed out by Ms Gail Dutton in a Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News Feature Article on 15 February 2010 (see also How to tackle overcapacity in monoclonal antibody production, Monoclonal antibodies modelling - predictive analytics and Modern monoclonal antibody production - focus on quality by design, timelines, cost)

Modern monoclonal antibody production - focus on quality by design, timelines, cost

In the decade since severe capacity constraints limited monoclonal antibody (MAb) production, the industry has adjusted, so that today, overcapacity is the issue, along with developing techniques to ensure product quality, reduce development timelines, and decrease costs, writes Ms Gail Dutton in a Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News Feature Article on 15 February 2010. Many of these issues will be explored at IBC’s conference on ‘Antibody Development and Production’ in March 2010 as she points out.

Will the EU biosimilars pathway be applicable to monoclonal antibodies?

To what extent is the existing framework for biosimilars in Europe likely to be applicable to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)? This question was verified in a paper by Dr Christian Schneider –member of the EMA’s Committee for Medicinal products for Human Use (CHMP), Chairman of EMA’s Biological Medicines Working Party (BMWP) and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut in Langen, Germany– and Dr Ulrich Kalinke of the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut and Twincore Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research in Hannover, Germany, as published in Nature Biotechnology of September 2008.

A follow-on biologic drug is not a ‘biogeneric’: Lessons from Omnitrope and Valtropin

In an article by Dr Robert Roth and Dr Nicholas Fleischer of the Weinberg Group published in Journal of Generic Medicines of May 2009, it is stated that a follow-on biologic drug is not a ‘biogeneric’, based on lessons from Sandoz’s biosimilar human growth hormone Omnitrope (somatropin) and BioPartners’ Valtropin (somatropin).

PhRMA, Amgen correct NEJM article on biologics exclusivity

In a NEJM Letter to the Editor of 18 February 2010, Mr David Wheadon, Senior Vice President of the Scientific & Regulatory Affairs team of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America 
(PhRMA) –having been employed by several pharmaceutical companies (Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Abbott) and holding stock in Abbott Laboratories and GlaxoSmithKline– corrects the NEJM Perspective article by Mr Engelberg et al. of 12 November 2009, writing that “the record should be set straight” with regard to the market exclusivity of biologicals in the biosimilars debate.

FDA approves Amgen’s and Johnson & Johnson's the risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs)

Amgen and Johnson & Johnson (J&J) announced on 16 February 2010 that the US FDA approved the companies' risk management strategy for patients with chemotherapy-induced anaemia who are receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), including Amgen's Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa) and Epogen (epoetin alfa), and Johnson & Johnson's Procrit (epoetin alfa).

Improving effector functions of MAbs for cancer treatment: Enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)

Mr Akito Natsume et al. of Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan, have shown to improve effector functions of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for cancer treatment by enhancing ADCC and CDC, as published in their review article in Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2009:3 of December 2008.

Aglycosylated IgG mAbs can be engineered to display unique FcγR selectivity that mediate antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Until recently, bacterially derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were unable to recruit innate immune cells and were thus ineffective at raising an attack against tumour cells. However, Mr George Georgiou et al. of the University of Texas, Austin, found that engineered mutations in the Fc domain can improve innate immune cell recognition by mAbs manufactured in bacteria, as published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The study stems from efforts to make therapeutically useful mAbs in bacteria. A key roadblock is that bacterially manufactured antibodies lack Fc region glycosylation. “Antibodies that are not glycosylated cannot be recognised by immune cells,” said Mr Georgiou. In the article it is described how aglycosylated IgG variants expressed in bacteria that selectively bind FcγRI potentiate tumour cell killing by monocyte-dendritic cells. The authors explain that the N-linked glycan of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is indispensable for the interaction of the Fc domain with Fcγ receptors on effector cells and the clearance of target cells via antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). E.coli-expressed, aglycosylated Fc domains bind effector FcγRs poorly and cannot elicit ADCC.

US FDA prepares for biosimilars in 2011 budget plan, despite stalled healthcare reform bill

Increasing inspections and creating a regulatory pathway for the approval of biosimilars are among the most important areas of the US FDA's fiscal 2011 budget request, US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Ms Kathleen Sebelius says. In testimony before the House Energy and Commerce Committee on 4 February 2010, Ms Sebelius focused on funds included in the budget request for the FDA's efforts to improve medical product safety, including increased inspections and investment in tools to enhance the safety of increasingly complex drugs and biologics.

Bionomics of biosimilars - Indian options for investors

As reported by Ms Nayantara Som in BioSpectrumIndia of 13 January 2010, biosimilars are said to be the next big cash cow for India. However, players have many knots to untangle before they can have a firm grip over the economics of the market.

Bionomics of biosimilars – EU and US markets not easy for India

As reported by Ms Nayantara Som in BioSpectrumIndia of 13 January 2010, biosimilars are said to be the next big cash cow for India. However, players have many knots to untangle before they can have a firm grip over the economics of the market, she warns.

Bionomics of biosimilars – Indian opportunities

As reported by Ms Nayantara Som in BioSpectrumIndia of 13 January 2010, biosimilars are said to be the next big cash cow for India. However, players have many knots to untangle before they can have a firm grip over the economics of the market.

Bionomics of biosimilars – India’s next big cash cow?

As reported by Ms Nayantara Som in BioSpectrumIndia of 13 January 2010, biosimilars are said to be the next big cash cow for India. According to her, however, players have many knots to untangle before they can have a firm grip over the economics of the market.

FDA accepts Teva’s biosimilar filgrastim BLA, Amgen not

The US FDA has accepted Teva‘s application to sell a biosimilar version of Amgen's Neupogen (filgrastim), although the biotech giant is working to block the move in court.

XM02, a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), is designed to treat severe neutropenia, a haematological disorder characterised by an abnormally low number of white blood cells. If approved, the drug would be marketed under the name Neutroval by US pharma company Hospira, which in 2009 acquired worldwide rights to the new version in a deal that also saw it gain manufacturing capacity for filgrastim and pegfilgrastim - a long-acting version of the drug marketed by Amgen as Neulasta. The worldwide market for Neulasta and Neupogen currently stands at more than US$2 billion.

Abbott: Non-responding RA patients with anti-infliximab antibodies may switch to less immunogenic anti-TNF

In the race for biosimilar/biobetter monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), it is interesting to compare originator MAbs, e.g. mouse-human chimeric infliximab (Remicade) of Johnson & Johnson’s Centocor versus Abbott’s fully human – and thus less immunogenic – adalimumab (HUMIRA).

Celtic Pharma invests in Cantab, PolyTherics for ‘biosuperiors’

As reported by Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News on 25 and 26 January 2010, Celtic Pharma Holdings is making an initial £5 million (about $8.1 million) investment in Cantab Biopharmaceuticals, Cambridge, UK. Cantab is wholly owned by the Celtic Pharma Holdings II LP (CP2) fund. The new CP2 funding will be spread over three years and will support the development of the firm’s first clinical-stage so-called ‘biosuperior’ biologic in haematology.

Korean biopharma: special programme for biosimilars

As reported by Narayan Kulkami, Singapore, in BioSpectrum Asia Edition on 18 January 2010, the Korean biopharmaceutical sector gets support for biosimilars and/or biobetters.(see also Korean biopharma gets support for biosimilars/biobetters)

Korean biopharma gets support for biosimilars/biobetters

As reported by Narayan Kulkami, Singapore, in BioSpectrum Asia Edition on 18 January 2010, the [South] Korean biopharmaceutical industry continues to get the attention of the global players, mainly because the Korean government in 2009 identified ‘biopharmaceutical and medical equipment’ as one of the future engines for economic growth. The life sciences industry in Korea consists of close to 2000 companies including 580 pharmaceutical companies and 600 biotech companies. (see also Korean biopharma: special programme for biosimilars)

ADCC enhancement technologies for monoclonal antibodies

In a 2009 article by Dr Cheng Liu, founder and CEO of Eureka Therapeutics in California, and Andreia Lee in Trends in Bio/Pharmaceutical Industry on Antibody Therapeutics, it is stated that ADCC (Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity) enhancement is a key strategy for improving therapeutic antibody drug efficacy against cell-surface targets in cancer and chronic inflammation. It takes advantage of patients’ innate immune cells to kill target cells. The functions are primarily triggered through direct interaction of the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin (in most cases IgG1) with the corresponding receptors. Therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC are anticipated to have a clinical advantage owing to increased specific lysis of target cells, such as cancer cells, mediated by Fc receptors present on natural killer cells, macrophages, and other immune cell types.

Biosimilar EPO and infliximab, adalimumab get formal Japanese approval

As reported by Scrip on 21 January 2010, a large batch of new products has received final approval from Japan's ministry of health, labour and welfare, including a biosimilar erythropoietin. These and the other products given formal approval by the ministry received positive recommendations in November and December 2009.

Xencor: Via Fc engineering enhanced antibody half-life improves in vivo activity

Improved affinity for the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is known to extend antibody half-life in vivo. However, this has never been linked with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Mr Jonathan Zalevsky and Dr John Desjarlais et al. of Xencor at Monrovia, CA, USA, studied if such enhanced antibody half-life improves in vivo activity, as published online in Nature Biotechnology on 17 January 2010.

Medarex: With CDA1, CDB1 MAbs better metronidazole or vancomycin treatment against C difficile toxins

New therapies are needed to manage the increasing incidence, severity, and high rate of recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection in which toxins A and B cause pseudomembranous colitis. This is associated with bleeding and a severe form of diarrhoea, which together can lead to perforation of the lower bowel and even death.

Ustekinumab better than etanercept in psoriasis trial

In a study by Christopher Griffiths et al. of the University of Manchester, UK, Johnson & Johnson (J&J)’s monoclonal antibody STELARA (ustekinumab, an interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 blocker) and Amgen’s Enbrel (etanercept, an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor: anti-TNF) have been compared for the treatment of psoriasis, as published in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) of 14 January 2010. The Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized Study Comparing CNTO 1275 and Etanercept for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis’ was sponsored by J&J’s Centocor.

Innovation over imitation: New FOBs technologies, players

In an article by Xencor President and CEO Bassil Dahiyat, published in Pharmaceutical Executive on 4 November 2009, tables are presented on new technologies for creating ‘biobetter’ follow-on biologics (FOBs) and potential ‘Big Pharma’ players in FOBs.

Innovation over imitation - How to deliver FOBs on the bottom line

In an article by Xencor President and CEO Bassil Dahiyat, published in Pharmaceutical Executive on 4 November 2009, the development of ‘biobetter’ follow-on biologics (FOBs) — optimised versions of pioneer drugs that have improved pharmaceutical properties but carry only minor changes in structure — is discussed.

Innovation over imitation - Charting the FOBs landscape

In an article by Xencor President and CEO Bassil Dahiyat, published in Pharmaceutical Executive on 4 November 2009, the development of ‘biobetter’ follow-on biologics (FOBs) — optimised versions of pioneer drugs that have improved pharmaceutical properties but carry only minor changes in structure — is discussed.

Innovation over imitation: Tools to compete and win with ‘biobetter’ FOBs

In an article by Xencor President and CEO Bassil Dahiyat, published in Pharmaceutical Executive on 4 November 2009, the development of ‘biobetter’ follow-on biologics (FOBs) — optimised versions of pioneer drugs that have improved pharmaceutical properties but carry only minor changes in structure — is discussed.

Innovation over imitation: High-cost biosimilar FOB development, slow uptake

In an article by Xencor President and CEO Bassil Dahiyat, published in Pharmaceutical Executive on 4 November 2009, the development of ‘biobetter’ follow-on biologics (FOBs) — optimised versions of pioneer drugs that have improved pharmaceutical properties but carry only minor changes in structure — is discussed.

Innovation over imitation: ‘Biobetter’ follow-on biologics

In an article by Xencor President and CEO Bassil Dahiyat, published in Pharmaceutical Executive on 4 November 2009, the development of ‘biobetter’ follow-on biologics (FOBs) — optimised versions of pioneer drugs that have improved pharmaceutical properties but carry only minor changes in structure — is discussed.

FTC- Biosimilars to spur innovation and competitive prices

In the Journal of Generic Medicines (published online 8 September 2009), Michael Wroblewski and Elizabeth Jex of the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) write about the promise of follow-on biologics (FOBs) to spur both biological drug innovation and competitive prices.

Time for a re-evaluation of ESAs

In an article in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) by Ellis F Unger, Aliza M Thompson, Melanie J Blank, and Robert Temple, published on 6 January 2010 at NEJM.org, it is stated that it is time for a re-evaluation of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs).

Campbell Alliance: how biotech should prepare for biosimilars

In the recently published article ‘Bracing for Biosimilars’ by Kuyler Doyle, Tony Lanzone and Fahti Khosrow-Shahi of management consultancy firm Campbell Alliance, some insight is given into what commercial and reimbursement decision makers for biotechnology companies should be doing to prepare for the arrival of biosimilars.

Modify Fc fucosylation and β-galactosylation for biobetter MAbs

In an article by Dr Claire Morgan and Dr Daryl Fernandes of Ludger, published in IPI of Autumn 2009, it is shown how both the original drug manufacturers and the designers of follow-on biologics could produce biobetter monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) through glycoengineering. (see also Ludger’s GTO-QbD: Defining glycovariant biobetter MAbs, When is a glycoengineered biobetter commercially better than a biosimilar? and Strategy and tools for building glycoengineered biobetter MAbs)

Design out NeuGc, Fab glycosylation for biobetter MAbs

In an article by Dr Claire Morgan and Dr Daryl Fernandes of Ludger, published in IPI of Autumn 2009, it is shown how both the original drug manufacturers and the designers of follow-on biologics could produce biobetter monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) through glycoengineering. (see also Ludger’s GTO-QbD: Defining glycovariant biobetter MAbs, When is a glycoengineered biobetter commercially better than a biosimilar? and Strategy and tools for building glycoengineered biobetter MAbs)

Design out Gal-α(1,3)-Gal for biobetter MAbs

In an article by Dr Claire Morgan and Dr Daryl Fernandes of Ludger, published in IPI of Autumn 2009, it is shown how both the original drug manufacturers and the designers of follow-on biologics could produce biobetter monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) through glycoengineering. (see also Ludger’s GTO-QbD: Defining glycovariant biobetter MAbs, When is a glycoengineered biobetter commercially better than a biosimilar? and Strategy and tools for building glycoengineered biobetter MAbs)

Strategy and tools for building glycoengineered biobetter MAbs

In an article by Dr Claire Morgan and Dr Daryl Fernandes of Ludger, published in IPI of Autumn 2009, it is shown how both the original drug manufacturers and the designers of follow-on biologics could produce biobetter monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) through glycoengineering. (see also Modify Fc fucosylation and β-galactosylation for biobetter MAbs, Design out NeuGc, Fab glycosylation for biobetter MAbs, Design out Gal-α(1,3)-Gal for biobetter MAbs, When is a glycoengineered biobetter commercially better than a biosimilar? and Ludger’s GTO-QbD: Defining glycovariant biobetter MAbs)

When is a glycoengineered biobetter commercially better than a biosimilar?

In an article by Dr Claire Morgan and Dr Daryl Fernandes of Ludger, published in IPI of Autumn 2009, it is shown how both the original drug manufacturers and the designers of follow-on biologics could produce biobetter monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) through glycoengineering. (see also Modify Fc fucosylation and β-galactosylation for biobetter MAbs, Design out NeuGc, Fab glycosylation for biobetter MAbs, Design out Gal-α(1,3)-Gal for biobetter MAbs, Strategy and tools for building glycoengineered biobetter MAbs and Ludger’s GTO-QbD: Defining glycovariant biobetter MAbs)

Ludger’s GTO-QbD: Defining glycovariant biobetter MAbs

One area of great interest to developers, copiers and improvers of therapeutic antibodies is glycosylation, since it can significantly influence the safety and efficacy profiles of the drug. In an article by Claire Morgan and Daryl Fernandes of Ludger published in IPI of Autumn 2009, it is shown how both the original drug manufacturers and the designers of follow-on biologics could produce biobetter antibodies through glycoengineering. In particular, they examine strategies for optimising both fragment antigen-binding (Fab) and fragment crystallisable (Fc) region glycosylation to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with improved clinical performance and better commercial profiles compared to existing drugs.

12 years exclusivity workable for patients; not anticompetitive

On IPWatchdog.com Gene Quinn distinguishes facts from fiction about biosimilars.

Minimal 12 years of biologicals data exclusivity required

As reported by Gene Quinn on IPWatchdog.com, for many months we have been hearing about the US government attempts to “reform” health care in the United States.

Teva seeks closer ties with Lonza on biosimilars

Biogenerics is a field that is becoming more and more important to Teva and the company seeks to deepen its existing ties in this area with Swiss company Lonza. Sources inform Globes that Teva President and CEO, Shlomo Yanay, CFO Eyal Desheh, and all the company’s board, flew to Switzerland for two days of meetings intended to extend the collaboration between the two companies.

Pfizer’s biosimilars strategy

“I think it is a good strategy for a large company like Pfizer that wants to be a player in generics”, Ronny Gal, a Sanford C Bernstein Analyst in New York said. “I would be surprised if they weren’t considering biogenerics”.

Is US Congress poised to hinder biosimilars market entry?

A proposal by US Democratic Representative Anna Eshoo included in the US House health reform bill, would give developers of innovative biomedical drugs 12 years of data exclusivity from generic competition, significantly extending their patent rights, writes Los Angeles Times columnist Michael Hiltzik. Ms Eshoo said her proposal would give original makers of biotech drugs adequate profit to discover new treatments without discouraging generic drugmakers from working on follow-on biologics.

Dr Stephen Sherwin: Biosimilars pathway with 12 to14 years of biologics exclusivity

BIO SmartBrief Editor Ashley McMaster, corresponded with Ceregene co-Founder/Chairman and BIO Board Chair Dr Stephen Sherwin to get his thoughts on what direction the biotechnology industry is headed in 2010.

Teva submits BLA for biosimilar filgrastim in US

Teva has taken its first step in the US biosimilars market. On 1 December 2009 the company submitted a Biologics License Application (BLA) with the US FDA for XM02, a biosimilar filgrastim for the treatment of severe neutropenia, a blood disorder characterised by an abnormally low number of neutrophils, the most important type of white blood cells in the blood.

Biosimilar EPO, vildagliptin and liraglutide among latest Japanese recommendations

The latest batch of positive product recommendations in Japan includes a biosimilar erythropoietin (EPO) and two novel antidiabetics, Novartis’s DPP-4 inhibitor Equa (vildagliptin) and Novo Nordisk’s GLP-1 analogue Victoza (liraglutide).

Market protection for biologicals should be less than 12 years

Giving 12 years of market protection to brand-name biopharmaceuticals would add to mounting pressure on healthcare costs and deprive patients of affordable follow-on biologics for many years, according to an editorial in The Boston Globe. It says US Congress should enact a law that provides exclusivity for more than five years but fewer than 12 to balance innovation and affordability of biotech drugs.

US bill would add six months' protection for biotech drugs

A US healthcare reform bill introduced by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid would extend the protection some brand-name biotech medicines would get from their generic counterparts by six months. An industry executive said this would provide an incentive for companies to make products for children.

US Senate healthcare bill preserves biologicals exclusivity, but charges annual drugmaker fees

The recently released US Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, H.R. 3590, will ensure that all Americans have access to quality, affordable health care and will create the transformation within the healthcare system necessary to contain costs.

Top 10 blockbuster biotech drugs: next biosimilar targets?

FierceBiotech’s Top 10 Blockbuster Biologics may be future biosimilar targets:

It may take four to five years before the first US biosimilar is a fact

It may take about four to five years for a biogeneric drug to hit the US market, even though industry experts are optimistic about the passage of pending healthcare reform legislation there by the end of 2009.

Patient safety should be addressed in biosimilars measure

US Congress should ensure that patient safety and medical efficacy are prioritised in a healthcare-reform measure that allows the use of follow-on biologics (or FOBs) according to David Nash of the Jefferson School of Population Health. Rather than just debating data exclusivity for follow-on biologics, lawmakers should also specify rules on testing these drugs and consider requiring post-market surveillance to avoid ‘unintended consequences’ that compromise patient safety, he writes.

Partnering better for biosimilars, limited growth in generics will lead to moves for innovative drugs

With six biosimilar compounds in the works and two launched in the Indian market, India's second largest generic drug maker – Dr Reddy's Laboratories – is negotiating with several multinational companies to broaden its presence in Western markets. The unveiling of a deal that may span from sharing regulatory and manufacturing expertise to distribution and detailing could be expected some time next year (in 2010). But the task of taking biosimilar drugs into developed markets will be tough and expensive as regulatory agencies will likely seek submissions on non-inferiority clinical trials that will be large-scale, typically involving close to a thousand patients or even more.

Delaware and BIO advocate call for biosimilar support

In a DelawareOnline Letter to the Editor of 2 November 2009, Delaware BioScience Association President Bob Dayton and Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) President and CEO Jim Greenwood called on Delaware's lawmakers to protect consumer safety and ensure innovation of biosimilars as US Congress works on healthcare reform legislation.

Dingermann: “Use biosimilars, but don’t force patients”

“Thanks to the stringent examinations of EMEA, patients can trust that approved biosimilars are effective and tolerable – a reassuring remark for those who are dependent on such medicines,” said Professor Theo Dingermann of the Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, at the Weekend Workshop ;Patient and Pharmaceutical Care’ of the German Union of Pharmacists Societies (Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Apothekerverbände, ABDA) held on 17–18 October 2009 in Hannover, Germany.

Why is “the process the product” for biosimilars?

“Why does the manufacturing process play such a prominent role in the definition of a biosimilar?” asked Professor Theo Dingermann of the Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, at the Weekend Workshop ‘Patient and Pharmaceutical Care’ of the German Union of Pharmacists Societies (Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Apothekerverbände, ABDA) held on 17–18 October 2009 in Hannover, Germany.

Why are there suddenly ‘biosimilars’ besides ‘biologicals’?

“Isn’t everything already complicated enough?” asked Professor Theo Dingermann of the Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, at the Weekend Workshop ‘Patient and Pharmaceutical Care’ of the German Union of Pharmacists Societies (Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Apothekerverbände, ABDA) held on 17–18 October 2009 in Hannover, Germany.

Biotech drugmakers get 12-year protection in US House health bill

The US House health reform bill unveiled on 29 October 2009 would grant brand-name biotech-drug manufacturers 12 years of exclusivity before generic versions of their products can rely on their safety and efficacy data. The bill also would require drugmakers to pay an estimated US$60 billion (Euros 40.13 billion) in Medicare reimbursements over the next 10 years and allow the federal government to negotiate prices directly with companies.

Mycenax to start phase III etanercept biosimilar trial

Protein drug development company Mycenax Biotech of Taiwan announced on 20 October 2009 that its rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis drug TuNEX, a biosimilar version of etanercept, has successfully completed a phase I trial in South Korea and a phase I/II clinical trial in Taiwan is in the data analysis and report preparation stage; important clinical trial milestones towards the commercial release of the drug in both regional and global markets.

Merck & Co uses its traditional strengths in biosimilars race

With sales growth for biologicals expected to outpace that in the overall pharmaceutical sector over the next few years, it is not surprising that ‘big pharma’ has been beefing up its presence in the sector through acquisitions and licensing deals.

ACRO wants clinical trials or tests for most biosimilars

On 14 October 2009, the Association of Clinical Research Organizations (ACRO) made recommendations for biosimilars legislation in a letter sent to the US Senate Committee on Health, Education Labor and Pensions, Senate Committee on Finance, House Committee on Energy and Commerce, House Committee on Ways and Means, and House Committee on Education and Labor.

Biologicals and biosimilars: how can we afford them?

Demand for biological drugs is putting pressure on health budgets. Medical student, Mr Christopher Kelly and Consultant Physician, Dr Fraz Mir of the University of Cambridge, UK, examine in the British Medical Journal of 19 September 2009 why they are so expensive and what can be done to increase access.

US Congress urged to create a ‘real’ biosimilars pathway

On 30 September 2009, US campaigners urged US Congress to create a ‘real’ regulatory pathway for biosimilars, but researchers warn that it may take until 2011 to implement any such policies.

Hospira acquires biosimilar filgrastim rights and facility from Teva

Hospira announced on 30 September 2009 the acquisition of worldwide rights to a biosimilar version of filgrastim and an affiliated European manufacturing facility from PLIVA Hrvatska (in Zagreb, Croatia, now owned by Teva), a move that will help extend Hospira's reach and vertical integration in biosimilars.

US Senate Finance Committee accepts biosimilars reimbursement measure

The US Senate Finance Committee rejected efforts by Republican lawmakers to delay a vote on the healthcare overhaul bill until it has been revised into legal language and analysed by budget experts. The Committee, however, agreed to an amendment that would give 6% higher reimbursement for doctors who prescribe follow-on biologics.

Protalix plant-produced Enbrel biosimilar effective in preclinical models

Protalix Biotherapeutics reported preclinical data on pr-antiTNF, a biosimilar version of etanercept (Enbrel). Produced using the company's proprietary ProCellEx technology, pr-antiTNF is a plant cell–expressed recombinant fusion protein made from the soluble form of the human TNF receptor (TNFR), fused to the Fc component of a human antibody IgG1 domain. Pr-antiTNF has an identical amino acid sequence to Enbrel. In vitro and preclinical animal studies have demonstrated that pr-antiTNF exhibits similar activity to Enbrel. Specifically, pr-antiTNF binds TNF-alpha thereby inhibiting it from binding to cellular surface TNF receptors and protects L929 cells from TNF-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In a proof-of-concept in vivo study using an established arthritis animal model, pr-antiTNF administered intraperitoneally significantly improved the clinical arthritis parameters associated with this accepted arthritis mouse model, including joint inflammation, swelling and tissue degradation. Data from the collagen-induced arthritis animal model studies are expected to be presented at an upcoming scientific conference.

Will there be unfair delays for the entry of biosimilars?

As pointed out by Managing Editor, Ms Maria Fabiana Jorge, in the Editorial of the Journal of Generic Medicines, Volume 6, Issue 4 of August 2009, countries around the world define the future pharmaceutical market, we must learn from the past to avoid making the same mistakes or falling into new ones. Unfortunately, the current system has serious flaws and it seems that we are moving towards creating others in the new one. It is essential that governments, the pharmaceutical industry and civil society throughout the world work closely to strike a better balance between innovation and access in the context of biotechnology medicines.

Quality, safety and efficacy of the epoetin alfa biosimilar Binocrit compared to Erypo/Eprex

A detailed checklist on the quality, safety and efficacy assessment of biopharmaceuticals was published by Professors Irene Krämer, Roger Tredree and Arnold Vulto in the 2008 EJHP Practice article Points to consider in the evaluation of biopharmaceuticals (Eur J Hosp Pharm Prac. 2008;14(1):73-6). The checklist was then used by Dr Carsten Brockmeyer and Dr Andreas Seidl of Sandoz/Hexal for Binocrit, the results of which were published in Eur J Hosp Pharm Prac. 2009;15(2):34-40.

Safety study for subcutaneous epoetin alfa biosimilar Binocrit/Epoetin alfa Hexal/Abseamed suspended

In June 2009, Sandoz, the generic pharmaceuticals division of Novartis, and its subsidiary Hexal, temporarily had to suspend continuation of their clinical study into the safety of subcutaneous application of the epoetin alfa follow-on product HX575 recombinant human erythropoietin alfa for patients with renal anaemia.

China to globalise its successful domestic biosimilars market

The fearsome darling of the pharmaceutical industry, China, has marketers salivating over the 20%-plus annual growth, which could position the country as the world’s third-largest pharmaceutical market by 2020. Researchers are also gushing over the local clinical research organisations and the compounds they churn out. The Chinese government proclaimed that biotechnology will be a key pillar industry, and the State Council announced a two-year US$9.2 billion (Euros 6.4 billion) technology development plan earlier this year.

US House panel adopts 12 years’ biologicals exclusivity

The powerful US House Committee on Energy and Commerce (HCEC) has voted to give branded biological drugs 12 years’ market exclusivity from generic competition, but also to ban ‘pay-for-delay’ settlements.

Biosimilars to be held up 0 to 13.5 years under new US bill

A bill submitted to the US Senate proposes granting up to thirteen and half years of exclusivity to biological drugs. Under the plan, the branded products would receive at least nine years of exclusivity, plus additional time depending on potential innovations made to the drug.