Biosimilars

Also noted on biosimilars: 6 April 2012

Amgen and AstraZeneca make monoclonal antibody deal
Biotech giant Amgen and pharma major AstraZeneca announced on 2 April 2012 an agreement to jointly develop and commercialise five monoclonal antibodies from Amgen’s clinical inflammation portfolio (AMG 139, AMG 157, AMG 181, AMG 557 and brodalumab [AMG 827]), which are expected to be used to treat inflammatory diseases.

As part of the deal AstraZeneca will make an upfront payment of US$50 million and the companies will then share both costs and profits. The collaboration will provide Amgen with additional resources to optimally progress its portfolio and Amgen will benefit from the strong respiratory, inflammation and asthma development expertise of MedImmune–AstraZeneca’s biologicals arm.

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Amgen finally jumps on biosimilars bandwagon

AstraZeneca expands its generics business with Indian agreements

Source: Amgen, AstraZeneca

Reimbursement of biosimilars

The evidence required to obtain marketing authorisation for a biosimilar by the regulatory authority is not always the same as that required by the reimbursement authority [1]. This can cause problems for biosimilars manufacturers when planning clinical trials in order to obtain both marketing and reimbursement approval.

Biosimilars will not be able to use ANDA pathway to approval

FDA’s highly anticipated guidance for biosimilars finally arrived on 10 February 2012 with the release of three draft guidance documents [1]. Some have complained that the guidance is too vague, however, FDA’s denial of three citizen’s petitions have perhaps made some issues clearer.

Also noted on biosimilars: 30 March 2012

Bioequivalence of biosimilar trastuzumab to Herceptin proven in phase I trial
Biopharmaceutical company Synthon announced on 22 March 2012 that all in vitro and in vivo studies conducted so far have shown the biosimilar behaviour of Synthon’s trastuzumab in comparison with the reference product, Herceptin. The outcome of the phase I clinical trial confirmed these results, showing bioequivalence of Synthon’s trastuzumab to Herceptin. Synthon confirmed that its biosimilar trastuzumab will now enter a confirmatory phase III clinical trial in breast cancer patients.

Source: Synthon

Fujifilm and Kyowa launch biosimilars joint venture

The Japanese digital camera maker Fujifilm Corporation (Fujifilm) and biotech firm Kyowa Hakko Kirin (Kyowa) announced on 27 March 2012 that they have launched their biosimilars joint venture, which will initially focus on the development of biosimilar adalimumab.

FDA announces public hearing on biosimilars’ guidelines

FDA has announced a one-day public hearing to be held on 11 May 2012, in Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. During the meeting FDA hopes ‘to obtain input on recently issued draft guidelines relating to the development of biosimilar products.’

Pricing of biosimilars

For small molecule generics, reductions in price of around 80% have been observed after the first six months to a year of generics entry to the market in countries such as Germany, UK and the US [1, 2]. Biosimilars, however, are an entirely different entity.

Dr Reddy’s looks to biosimilars for growth

Generics giant Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (Dr Reddy’s) has been betting big on biosimilars and it seems that the risk is paying off, as the company announced record profits for the last quarter of 2011.

GE Healthcare expands biologicals business

GE Healthcare, the health business of General Electric, announced on 7 March 2012 that it had reached an agreement to acquire biologicals manufacturer Xcellerex.

Pfizer and Biocon’s biosimilar insulin deal is off

Pfizer, the world’s largest pharma company, and Indian biosimilars major Biocon announced on 12 March 2012 that they had decided to end their biosimilar insulin deal due to ‘differing priorities’.

Also noted on biosimilars: 16 March 2012

Boehringer Ingelheim expands biologicals manufacturing capacity
Boehringer Ingelheim announced on 29 February 2012 the expansion of its biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing capabilities at its cell culture and microbial sites in Biberach, Germany and Vienna, Austria. The company has invested around Euros 17 million in order to improve good manufacturing practice and to expand cell banking, process science, cell line development and quality laboratories.

Source: Boehringer Ingelheim

European biosimilars market to reach almost US$4 billion by 2017

According to researchers at Frost & Sullivan, the European market for biosimilars will experience strong growth in the coming years due to patent expiries of blockbuster biologicals between 2010 and 2017. Cost containment strategies being implemented by governments and healthcare service providers are also given credit for shifting sales towards cheaper biosimilars.

Comparability studies and substitution of biosimilars

In order to demonstrate similarity between the biosimilar and the biological reference product, both products must be compared to satisfy quality, safety and efficacy requirements [1].

Biosimilar alliance between Celerion and Ricerca

Contract research organisations (CROs) Celerion and Ricerca Biosciences announced on 29 February 2012 the formation of an integrated service solution for the development of biosimilar products.

WHO definitions of biosimilars

Confusion often surrounds terms used in the global field of generics and biosimilars [1].

FDA discusses biosimilars guidance

FDA issued its long-awaited guidance for biosimilar applications on 10 February 2012 in the form of three draft guidance documents [1]. In a webinar on 15 February 2012 FDA discussed some of the issues surrounding biosimilar products and expanded on some of the requirements contained within the guidance documents.

Biosimilars interchangeability, increased costs and burden for FDA

Biosimilars manufacturers in the US are faced with many hurdles, including untested regulatory pathways, patent challenges and manufacturing issues associated with making such complicated molecules. On top of this drugmakers also need to take into account the higher marketing costs that may be associated with biosimilars.

Oncologists urged to embrace biosimilars to help control spiraling costs of cancer care

Oncologists have been urged to embrace biosimilar drug substitution to help control the spiraling costs of cancer care. However, they have been warned that the optimal realisation of such a programme requires successful educational initiatives and the development of effective working partnerships with pharmacists and patients [1].

Regulation of biosimilars in the US

The US pharmaceutical industry plays a vital role in shaping the face of American health care. With major patent expiries and thin product pipelines, the industry is now considering new directions to maintain growth and stability. Biological drugs, derived from living organisms, represent a growing opportunity for big pharmaceutical firms. They command high prices, will probably have fewer firms making them than generics due to high barriers to entry, and play to the existing strengths of big pharma firms. But will the recent healthcare legislation provide the way for consistent FDA regulation? What is the most likely way in which biologicals will enter the market over the next few years?

Biosimilars: demonstrating ‘similarity’

Most biological drugs are mixtures of closely related compounds, some of which are probably more active than others. Today, the state-of-the-art manufacturing struggles to deliver material that is similar to the prior batch from the same facility and team [1]. Identical is currently not possible, therefore ‘similar’ is the route that authorities in Europe and the US are going down.

Successful completion of biosimilar infliximab programme

South Korean biotechnology company Celltrion announced on 1 February 2012 the successful completion of the company’s clinical programme for its (CT-P13) biosimilar of Johnson & Johnson’s rheumatoid arthritis blockbuster Remicade (infliximab).

Quality by design in biomanufacturing

In January 2011, FDA published its long-awaited guidance for industry on Process Validation: General Principles and Practices [1].This replaces the previous 1987 version (updated 2004) and it is understandably a big change for some whose whole career has been dominated by the previous approach. The question is: why was a change needed and how drastic is it?

EMA risk management plans may increase prescriber confidence in biosimilars

In the absence of observational (phase IV) data, EMA’s stipulation that all marketing applications for new generation biosimilars contain individual risk management plans may help to increase prescriber confidence in the compounds [1].

Registration of biosimilars in Europe and the US

Europe is way ahead of the US in terms of biosimilars regulation. A legal framework for approving biosimilars in the EU was established in 2003 and guidelines for an abbreviated registration process were issued in 2006 [1].

Spinnovation enters biosimilar collaboration with Quantum Tessera

Dutch-based bioanalysis specialist Spinnovation Biologics (Spinnovation) announced on 24 January 2012 that it had entered into a collaboration with US-based consulting company Quantum Tessera.

Factors affecting market access of biosimilars

Growth in the use of biosimilars is being driven by the need to reduce healthcare costs, patent expiries on blockbuster originator biologicals and better-defined regulatory pathways.

Production of 24 biogeneric products in Iran by 2012

According to reports on Iran’s English-language television network, Press TV, Iran is making significant advances in biogeneric products and biotechnology drugs and is planning to start the production of 24 additional biogeneric products drugs by the end of 2012.

Amphastar and Watson launch biosimilar enoxaparin

US generics manufacturer Watson Pharmaceuticals announced on 26 January 2012 that Amphastar Pharmaceuticals and Watson had been granted their request for a stay of the preliminary injunction preventing the companies from marketing or selling Amphastar’s enoxaparin sodium injection.

Sandoz starts phase III trials for biosimilar filgrastim and pegfilgrastim

On 19 January 2012, Sandoz, the generic drug division of Swiss drug giant Novartis AG, announced that it had started two phase III clinical trials, one for biosimilar filgrastim (Amgen’s Neupogen) for the US market and the other for its global pegfilgrastim (Amgen’s Neulasta) development programme.

Physician perceptions of generics substitution

How do physicians perceive generics substitution? Many patients do not communicate with their physicians regarding out-of-pocket expenses or medication choices. Therefore, understanding physicians’ perceptions about the quality and efficacy of generics could help to identify potential barriers to increasing the use of generic drugs [1].

Roche encounters manufacturing issues with epoetin-beta

The Spanish regulatory agency has found deviations in the quality of the manufacture of Switzerland-based F. Hoffmann-La Roche’s biological anaemia treatment Mircera (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta), a long acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agent; and is recommending patients to change to other epoetins.

Relative effectiveness and cost minimisation for biosimilars

The second of two articles on the use of economic evaluations to guide the use of expensive treatment.

Baxter and Momenta make biosimilars deal

Baxter International (Baxter) and Momenta Pharmaceuticals (Momenta) announced on 22 December 2011 that they had entered into a global collaboration agreement to develop and commercialise biosimilars.

Top developments in biosimilars during 2011

Over the past year, a lot has happened in the biosimilars industry.

Amgen finally jumps on biosimilars bandwagon

Biotech giant Amgen and US generics manufacturer Watson Pharmaceuticals (Watson) announced on 19 December 2011 that the two companies had agreed to collaborate on the development and commercialisation of several cancer antibody biosimilars.

Hospira starts phase III programme for biosimilar erythropoietin

Hospira, self-proclaimed leader in injectable generics, announced on 9 January 2012 that the company had enrolled the first patient in its phase III programme in the US for its biosimilar erythropoietin (EPO).

India at the biotech crossroads

‘Indian biotech is at a crossroads. It must not only address the significant health needs of its domestic population, but also position itself to take advantage of the often more profitable global marketplace.’ [1]

First biosimilar G-CSF in Japan

Mochida Pharmaceuticals (Mochida) and development partner Fuji Pharma announced on 26 December 2011 that they had filed respective applications for the first biosimilar granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in Japan.

The cost-effectiveness of biosimilars

The biotechnology market is growing rapidly, driven by the imminent patent expiry of several major biologicals and enabled by the establishment of regulatory frameworks. The key driver for the biosimilars market is likely to be cost containment pressures in healthcare systems in the context of aging populations and of the current financial and economic crisis [1]. Because the medicines involved are so expensive, even a modest price reduction in percentage terms generates savings in the billions of euros over the EU as a whole [2].

Samsung makes biosimilars deal with Biogen Idec

Korean electronics giant Samsung announced on 6 December 2011 that it had entered into a biosimilars joint venture with US biotechnology company Biogen Idec (Biogen).