Biosimilars/Research

Strategies for development and validation of neutralizing antibody assays supporting biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 13/04/2018

A biosimilar is a biological product with equivalent safety, purity and potency as an originator reference therapeutic. As such, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines have stepwise recommendations to demonstrate biosimilarity, which include immunogenicity assessment.

Biosimilar policies in Europe

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 06/04/2018

Across European countries, differences exist in biosimilar policies, e.g. pricing and reimbursement procedures, levels of education, characteristics of covered population and incentivization of stakeholders, leading to variations in uptake of biosimilars and divergences in savings from biosimilars use. Experiences from different European countries with biosimilar policies may offer useful insights into current and future uptake of biosimilars.

Etanercept biosimilar SB4 less immunogenic than Enbrel

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 06/04/2018

A research letter published in the British Journal of Dermatology suggests that the biosimilar etanercept SB4 is less immunogenic than the originator product, Amgen/Pfizer’s Enbrel (etanercept) [1].

Government policies to maximize social benefit of biosimilars in countries with restricted access to biologicals

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 30/03/2018

The potential value of biosimilars is dependent on patient access to originator biologicals in a given country. If the originator biological is reimbursed without any volume and access restrictions, the main objective of using biosimilars is to generate savings in health expenditures without compromising health outcomes. This disinvestment scenario is mainly applicable for higher income countries. If the original biological product is reimbursed with volume and access restrictions, the main objective of biosimilars is to treat more patients from the same healthcare budget, and hence generate more health gain. This special investment scenario is applicable for lower income European Union (EU) Member States and other middle-income countries. If the originator biological is not reimbursed at all, more affordable biosimilars may create an opportunity for public reimbursement, however, incremental budget is needed to generate more health gain. This investment scenario is applicable for low-income countries [1].

Yoshindo and Lupin’s etanercept biosimilar completes trials

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 23/03/2018

YL Biologics announced on 7 February 2018 that the global phase III trials of its etanercept biosimilar have been a success. YL Biologics is a joint venture of India’s Lupin Ltd and Japanese firm Yoshindo that was first announced in 2014 [1]. The etanercept biosimilar has met a successful outcome for rheumatoid arthritis treatment and hopes to compete for a share of the originator Enbrel’s global market of US$11 billion.

PK and PD comparison between rituximab biosimilar RTXM83 and rituximab in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 23/03/2018

A requirement for registration of a biosimilar is to demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity with the reference product. A population PK model approach is an excellent method for assessing PK similarity, in contrast to the classical one, because it allows comparison of PK properties through the inclusion of sparse data that improves the power to detect any potential differences between the biosimilar and the reference product. Furthermore, the population approach allows quantification of the inter-product and inter-subject variability of PK parameters and identification of covariate factors (demographic, pathophysiological, environmental or concomitant drugs) that influence drug availability [1].

Follow-on biologicals and extrapolation in Brazil

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 16/03/2018

Researchers from Brazil discuss the country’s approach to follow-on biologicals and extrapolation of indications in the country [1].

Biosimilar policies around the globe

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 16/03/2018

With the authorization of an increasing number of biosimilars, and the prospect of multiple biosimilar switching, biosimilar naming and the importance of this for pharmacovigilance are coming into sharper focus. Authors from around the world considered various biosimilar issues/policies in different countries and regions [1].

Use and cost of biologicals for cancer treatment in Southern Italy

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 09/03/2018

Oncological-targeted therapies, both biological and non-biological, represent a significant clinical and economic burden in routine care and have a major impact on the sustainability of National Health Services. With this in mind, a study by Lucchesi et al. investigated the use and costs of these targeted therapies for cancer treatment in the general population of Southern Italy during the period 2010−2014 [1].

Structure-function relationship between disulfide bonds and TNF-α neutralization in etanercept

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 09/02/2018

Research carried out by Sandoz describes how a novel incorrect disulfide bridge structure present at low levels in commercial etanercept inhibits etanercept potency by reducing its ability to neutralize soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) [1].

Pharmacy-mediated substitution: the global policy landscape

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 02/03/2018

There is a complex global regulatory landscape when it comes to biosimilars. In particular, there is much debate over substitution practices. Substitution describes the practice where a pharmacist decides to change a product, dispensing an equivalent (generic small molecule) or highly similar product (biosimilar) without the prescribing physician’s prior consent. This is distinct from switching, whereby a physician changes a patient’s treatment, between reference product and a biosimilar, or between biosimilars. Between March and May 2017, Pfizer conducted an internal global survey of 82 countries in which it examined biosimilar pharmacy-mediated substitution. Here, the company hoped to understand and benchmark the global policy landscape [1].

Kissei/JCR’s darbepoetin alfa biosimilar shows equivalent safety and efficacy

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 02/03/2018

Japan-based collaborators Kissei Pharmaceutical (Kissei) and JCR Pharmaceuticals (JCR) announced on 17 January 2018 positive results for the phase III study of their candidate darbepoetin alfa biosimilar, JR‑131.

Strategies of players on the global biopharmaceutical market

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/09/2017

With many expensive and high-selling biologicals losing patent protection and other exclusivity rights, biosimilars of these molecules may now enter the market, resulting in a shift of market shares, revision of strategies of companies and attraction of new players to the biopharmaceutical market.

Barriers to the market access of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 25/08/2017

In September 2013, the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), i.e. biosimilar infliximab (Inflectra/Remsima). These products entered the European market in 2015, after expiry of patent and other exclusivity rights of the innovator medicine Remicade. With the ever-increasing cost of health care and the economic pressure to reduce or sustain healthcare expenses, biosimilars could be instrumental in reducing cost for medication and increasing patient access to treatment. Although exclusivity rights of multiple mAbs are expired (rituximab in 2013, trastuzumab in 2014), only recently biosimilar mAbs other than infliximab are receiving marketing authorization (rituximab, adalimumab). Furthermore, earlier biosimilars have seen slow uptake in European markets. This may imply that several barriers hinder market access of biosimilar mAbs.

Generics versus biosimilars: pricing and usage-enhancing policies

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 23/02/2018

In Europe, pricing and demand-side measures for generic medicines are widely implemented and have undergone evaluations [1-4]. However, when it comes to biosimilars, the policies implemented by European countries are less well known and explored.

Etanercept switching study investigates non-mandatory transitioning

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 23/02/2018

A study carried out by researchers from The Netherlands investigated whether non-mandatory transitioning from originator to biosimilar etanercept improves retention rates [1].

EBE reveals Europe’s biosimilar pricing and reimbursement policies landscape

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 15/02/2018

The first biosimilar was approved in the European Union (EU) in 2006. Since then, biosimilar policies have been developed with a focus on increasing biosimilar uptake. However, the extent to which EU Member State polices differentiate between biosimilars and generic medicines has been brought into question. The European Biopharmaceutical Enterprises (EBE) has conducted a second survey on pricing and reimbursement policies for off-patent biologicals to map the biosimilar policy landscape in Europe [1].

Quality and clinical performance of biopharmaceuticals

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 15/02/2018

A review carried out by researchers from Sandoz describes the inherent nature of biopharmaceutical heterogeneity and discusses modern quality systems and regulatory frameworks used to maintain biopharmaceutical quality and clinical performance [1].

Zarxio reveals all: the US biosimilars market

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 09/02/2018

Launched in 2015, Zarxio (filgrastim-sndz) was the first biosimilar to gain US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval [1]. It competes with Neupogen (its reference product), Granix and Neulasta, for a share of the neutropenia market. This approval came almost a decade after the 2006 launch of the first biosimilar in Europe. Following this, a new study has examined Zarxio’s first years’ performance in the US short-acting (SA) filgrastim market to identify key sales and marketing trends and their drivers [2].

The biosimilar landscape in Italy revealed

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 02/02/2018

In Italy, health services are run at the regional level. To date, there has been no systematic monitoring of the uptake of biosimilars at a national or regional level. As such, the biosimilar landscape in Italy has not been well understood. However, a recent paper now provides an overview of the available real-world data relating to the patterns of use and the comparative effectiveness of biosimilars and originator biological drugs in Italy [1].

Danish etanercept switching study investigates withdrawal rates

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 02/02/2018

A study carried out by researchers from Denmark has investigated switching from originator to biosimilar etanercept 1-year post switch [1].

Switching to biosimilars in rheumatology

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 26/01/2018

Researchers from Argentina, Brazil, Germany, the UK and the US investigated switching from originator biologicals to biosimilars [1].

Additional clinical data for Cinfa’s pegfilgrastim biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 19/01/2018

Spanish biosimilars developer Cinfa Biotech (Cinfa) announced on 2 November 2017 additional clinical data for its candidate pegfilgrastim biosimilar (B12019).

Switching failures with biosimilar etanercept

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 12/01/2018

A study carried out by researchers from Denmark has found that switching from originator to biosimilar etanercept does not work for all patients [1].

Reimbursement for oncology biosimilars in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 05/01/2018

How reimbursement issues for biosimilars might affect US oncologists was a subject discussed by Dr Rena Conti, Associate Professor of Health Policy and Economics in the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Chicago, USA [1].

Impact of follow-on biological products in the Brazilian health system

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 05/01/2018

Cancer is an epidemic disease in the 21st century. However, despite consistent increases on its incidence worldwide, mortality rates have fallen, especially in developed countries [1, 2]. The victories mankind has achieved in the war against cancer result from advances in different fields, such as early diagnosis and better surgical, radiotherapeutic and systemic treatments.

Hospital specialists and pharmacists surveyed about biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/12/2017

Biological medicines are essential for many acute and chronic conditions, but their consumption differs widely among European countries [1, 2]. In contrast with the procedures for their approval[3], position papers from scientific societies suggest that biosimilars need to be tested in well-designed, randomized, controlled clinical trials, especially for extrapolation of indications [4, 5]. Nevertheless, switches with originators are becoming common and no serious adverse effects have been reported to date [6-8].

Positive phase III switching results for Celltrion’s infliximab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/12/2017

Results of a phase III extension study have shown that Celltrion Healthcare’s (Celltrion) infliximab biosimilar (CT-P13) is shown to be comparable in efficacy and safety to Johnson & Johnson/Merck’s Remicade in switched inflammatory bowel disease patients, according to the South Korean biotechnology company.

Switching from reference infliximab to CT P13 in IBD patients

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 01/12/2017

Argüelles-Arias and colleagues from the Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena and the University of Seville in Spain carried out an observational study assessing the efficacy and safety of switching from Remicade to CT P13 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for up to 12 months [1].

Switching to biosimilar infliximab in IBD patients

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 24/11/2017

Biological agents, such as infliximab, have transformed the outcomes of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The advent of biosimilar treatment options, such as CT‑P13 (Remsima/Inflectra), promises to improve the availability of biological therapy.

Biosimilars in oncology in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 24/11/2017

As part of the Affordable Care Act of 2010, the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCI Act) allows for an abbreviated license pathway for the approval of biosimilars in the US. In light of continuing increases in healthcare costs, particularly for cancer drugs, use of biosimilars is increasingly being considered as a strategy for containing the cost of cancer care, according to Dr Gary Lyman of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [1, 2].

Loss of efficacy after switching to biosimilar infliximab in Behcet’s patients

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 17/11/2017

Authors from the Division of Rheumatology at the Hospital of Prato, Italy report on three patients with Behçet’s disease that experienced disease relapses after switching from the originator infliximab, Remicade, to biosimilar infliximab [1].

Opportunities and challenges for biosimilars in oncology

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 17/11/2017

The rapid increase in healthcare costs, particularly for cancer drugs, has had a major impact on providers, practices, payers and patients, according to Dr Gary Lyman of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [1, 2].

Phase III switching data support long-term efficacy and safety of rituximab biosimilar Truxima

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 10/11/2017

Results of a phase III extension study have shown that Celltrion Healthcare’s (Celltrion) rituximab biosimilar (Truxima, CT-P10) is comparable to Roche’s MabThera/Rituxan, according to the South Korean biotechnology company.

Physicochemical and biological characterization study of copy biological tocilizumab

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 10/11/2017

Researchers in China have developed a copy biological of F. Hoffmann-La Roche’s (Roche) arthritis treatment Actemra (tocilizumab). A recent study compares it to the originator, finding it to be highly similar in terms of its physical, chemical and biological characteristics [1].

Australian prescribers’ views on biologicals naming and substitution

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 03/11/2017

In a survey of 160 prescribers of biologicals in Australia, over three quarters agreed that the country’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) should insist on distinct non-proprietary scientific names for all biosimilars and reference products. The results of the survey were published just as TGA launched a public consultation on proposals for potential biological naming systems. A clear majority (98%) of prescribers who took part in the survey, run by the Alliance for Safe Biologic Medicines (ASBM), said they currently used either brand name or non-proprietary scientific names for recording and prescribing biosimilars and reference products [1]. Most (61%) wanted TGA to play a major role in naming biosimilars.

Biosimilar insulins – reducing the cost of diabetes

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 03/11/2017

Will biosimilar insulins be cheaper is a question raised by authors Lutz Heinemann and Alan Carter and one that they say is a clear yes [1].

European perspective on biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 27/10/2017

In the European Union (EU), a legal framework for approving biosimilars was established in 2003. The first biosimilar Omnitrope (somatropin) was approved in 2006 [1].

Anti-drug antibody assays for biosimilars and originator biologicals

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 27/10/2017

Biosimilar drug development has brought new challenges to bioanalytical ligand-binding assays used to determine drug concentration, anti-drug antibodies and neutralizing antibodies.

Challenges and opportunities in producing biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 20/10/2017

In a viewpoint article published in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters [1], Dahodwala and Sharfstein discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by biopharmaceutical manufacturers in producing biosimilars, equivalent versions of therapeutic proteins, and the role of regulatory agencies, particularly the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in approving these compounds.