Biosimilars/Research

Inflectra may not be less expensive than Remicade in US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 09/11/2018

According to research carried out in the US, the cost of the infliximab biosimilar Inflectra (infliximab-dyyb) was only moderately less expensive than the originator biological Remicade (infliximab) in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and exceeded US$14,000 annually under Medicare^# Part D*. In addition, out-of-pocket costs for patients taking Inflectra may be more than US$1,700 higher than for patients taking Remicade.

Real-life clinical effectiveness of Razumab in retinal vein occlusion

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 02/11/2018

Authors from Intas Pharmaceuticals presented data from a subgroup analysis of the RE-ENACT study (retrospective, multicentre, observational pooled study on wet age-related macular degeneration [wet AMD], diabetic macular oedema, and retinal vein occlusion) [1]. The RE-ENACT study evaluated the effectiveness of the ranibizumab similar biologic Razumab in Indian patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Clinical and real-world data for switching to biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 02/11/2018

The evidence and issues associated with switching from originator biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to biosimilars are discussed by authors from French universities and hospitals [1].

Mass spectrometry comparison of Remicade and Remsima

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 26/10/2018

The US entered the era of biosimilars in 2015 with its very first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved filgrastim biosimilar Zarxio (filgrastim-sndz) [1]. Since then, FDA has approved 11 more biosimilars [2]. Nevertheless, one concern with respect to the manufacturing of biosimilars is that every company has its own proprietary manufacturing process, which could potentially lead to differences in drug properties. Consequently, the debate on how ‘similar’ the biosimilar is to the originator still remains controversial. Thus, a comprehensive but rapid characterization platform that can validate any clinically meaningful differences is required. In this regard, Pisupati et al. [3] carried out a study comparing the reference product Remicade (infliximab) with the first US monoclonal antibody (mAb) biosimilar Remsima (Europe)/Inflectra (US) by incorporating state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based multiple-attribute monitoring (MAM).

Switching to etanercept biosimilar SB4 safe and effective in a hospital setting

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 26/10/2018

Authors of a study carried out at a UK hospital found switching to etanercept biosimilar SB4 to be safe and effective [1].

Expediting FDA approvals for biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 19/10/2018

A number of recommendations for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to simplify biosimilar licensing laws, and thus make biosimilars more accessible, are offered in a recent review [1]. Recommendations include allowing smaller batch sizes for testing, encouraging substitution for naïve patients, and removing the requirement for bridging studies.

Phase III trial for subcutaneous Remsima completed

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 19/10/2018

Celltrion Healthcare (Celltrion) announced on 29 August 2018 that it had completed a phase III study with the subcutaneous (SC) version of its infliximab biosimilar Remsima (CT‑P13).

Reasons for switching to biosimilars and immunogenicity

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 12/10/2018

Authors from French universities and hospitals discussed the evidence and issues associated with switching from originator biological to biosimilars [1].

Stakeholder perspectives on biosimilars in oncology

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 05/10/2018

Monoclonal antibody biosimilars represent a novel advance in the field of oncology, and their integration into routine clinical practice present challenges for clinicians, nurses, patients and regulators. Researchers therefore investigated the perspectives stakeholders including a clinician, specialist nurse, patient advocate, regulator and economist on optimizing the uptake of monoclonal antibody biosimilars in the treatment of cancer [1].

Pharmacokinetics of CT-P6 in patients with HER2+ early-stage breast cancer

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 05/10/2018

Researchers from Celltrion presented data that support the pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity between trastuzumab biosimilar CT‑P6 and originator trastuzumab (Herceptin) [1].

Recommendations for biosimilars in rheumatology in the Middle East

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 28/09/2018

The increasing availability of biosimilars in Middle Eastern regions may provide an opportunity to increase the number of rheumatology patients who have access to traditionally more expensive biologicals. However, as well as a lack of real-world data on the use of biosimilars in practice, the availability of ‘intended copies*’ in the region may undermine physician confidence in prescribing legitimate biosimilars. There is a need for regional recommendations for healthcare professionals to ensure that biosimilars can be used safely.

Selection of quality attributes and test methods in biosimilarity assessment

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 21/09/2018

Biosimilar development starts with a detailed characterization of the quality profile of the chosen reference product, to establish targets for cell line and process development, according to author Vandekerckhove and colleagues [1]. This characterization requires a careful determination of the range of variability for all relevant product quality attributes of the reference product, as well as an understanding of their relative importance, to ensure appropriate focus on the most important attributes. Following process development, similarity of the biosimilar candidate with the reference product must be demonstrated in comprehensive analytical studies. This first step in the demonstration of biosimilarity provides the most sensitive measurement of differences; and is instrumental in deciding the direction of further product development. Meticulous design of the analytical similarity programme is therefore critical to the success of biosimilar development.

Increase in use of biosimilar rituximab for NHL treatment

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 21/09/2018

Researchers from the UK and US reported on how the treatment approach for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients has changed since the first biosimilars of rituximab were approved in the European Union five (EU5: France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK) [1].

Comparison of biosimilar and originator bevacizumab in NSCLC

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 14/09/2018

A study carried out by international researchers reported results from a comparative clinical study of PF‑06439535, a candidate bevacizumab biosimilar compared to originator bevacizumab, in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1].

Pooled analysis results of adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 07/09/2018

South Korean electronics giant Samsung and biotechnology company Biogen Idec (Biogen) joint venture Samsung Bioepis, along with Biogen, announced on 13 June 2018 results of a pooled analysis combining data from three phase III trials that compared the efficacy and safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biosimilars to their reference biologicals.

Comparison of trial and real-world data for biosimilar filgrastim

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 07/09/2018

A study carried out by researchers from Germany compared results from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Sandoz’s biosimilar filgrastim and post-approval data on the safety of the biosimilar [1].

Alternative mAb purification strategies: a tool to increase global access to biotherapeutics?

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 31/08/2018

The monoclonal antibodies’ (mAbs) market is dominant among therapeutic biologicals. Between 2013 and 2017, it has witnessed the approval of 11 biosimilars and 33 new molecules by the regulatory authorities in the EU and the US [1]. A foreseen increase in demand arising from both the western world and several developing countries requires a productivity increase at the same time that the biopharmaceutical industry is being pressured to reduce the costs of life-saving drugs.

Positive switching data for infliximab and etanercept biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 31/08/2018

Sandoz, the generics division of Novartis, announced on 15 June 2018 results of new phase III, long-term and switching data for its infliximab biosimilar Zessly (PF‑06438179) and its etanercept biosimilar Erelzi in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Switching from Basalin to Lantus effective in Chinese diabetes patients

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 24/08/2018

Switching from copy biological (Basalin) to originator (Lantus) insulin glargine is effective in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus, according to authors from the Qingdao Endocrine and Diabetes Hospital, China [1].

Safety and immunogenicity of originator and biosimilar trastuzumab

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 24/08/2018

A study carried out by international researchers reported results from the HERiTAge trial of Mylan/Biocon’s biosimilar trastuzumab, Ogivri (trastuzumab‑dkst) [1].

Positive phase III results for Amgen’s infliximab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 20/07/2018

Biotech giant Amgen announced on 27 June 2018 positive data from a phase III study of their infliximab biosimilar (ABP 710) compared to Remicade (infliximab).

Biosimilars: implications for oncologists

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 13/07/2018

In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved its first biosimilar, filgrastim-sndz, a biosimilar of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor filgrastim. Since then, FDA has approved four additional biosimilar tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors, and in May 2017, the Oncology Drug Advisory Committee voted in favour of approval of an epoetin alfa biosimilar. Three biosimilar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved in the US. Although their indications are for chronic inflammatory diseases, according to authors Robert Rifkin and Susan Peck, oncologists should become familiar with these agents, because they may need to administer these drugs for patients who have concurrent chronic inflammatory conditions [1].

Positive results for infliximab and trastuzumab biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 13/07/2018

Celltrion Healthcare (Celltrion) and Samsung Bioepis have both announced positive results for their infliximab and trastuzumab biosimilars, respectively.

Biosimilarity testing using very low doses of rituximab

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 06/07/2018

Rituximab is a chimeric, monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 expressed on B lymphocytes [1]. Currently approved indications for use are non-Hodgkin lymphomas, chronic lymphatic leukaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic angiitis [2]. However, rituximab is frequently used ‘off label’ for the treatment of numerous antibody-dependent autoimmune diseases [3].

Scientific rationale for extrapolation of cancer indications

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 07/07/2017

Extrapolation involves extending and applying the data from clinical studies regarding one medical condition to another medical condition. Once biosimilarity has been proven, biosimilars can also be approved for one or more additional indications held by the reference product, without the need for clinical data in those indications. Author Michinori Ogura from the Tokai Central Hospital, Gifu, Japan and colleagues from France and South Korea investigated the scientific rationale for extrapolation using the rituximab biosimilar CT-P10 as an example [1].

Biosimilar insulins have same efficacy and safety as reference biologicals

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 29/06/2018

Researchers from the US have found that biosimilar insulins have comparable safety and clinical efficacy as their reference biologicals [1].

Savings with use of biosimilar trastuzumab for breast cancer patients in Croatia

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 29/06/2018

Breast cancer is worldwide the most common cancer in women. In 2012 alone, there were approximately 464,000 new cases and 131,000 deaths from breast cancer in Europe. In Croatia, breast cancer was the fourth leading cause of death among women and ninth in both sexes in 2016.

Biosimilars and the role of regulatory authorities

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 22/06/2018

According to authors Hye-Na Kang and Ivana Knezevic, from the World Health Organization (WHO), market access to biosimilars can be restricted by several factors [1]:
(i) manufacturing processes may be expensive and complex
(ii) patents on the manufacturing processes of the original product may not have expired
(iii) biosimilar manufacturers may have limited access to data on the original product
(iv) appropriate regulatory frameworks may not be in place
(v) government policies on switching to biosimilars, pricing and reimbursement may be lacking.

Life cycle and regulatory evaluation of biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 15/06/2018

The life cycle of a biosimilar, like any biological, starts with research and development, then manufacturing, and is followed by regulatory evaluation of quality, safety and efficacy for both licensing and post-licensing oversight. Once licensed, a biosimilar is an individual product and post-licensing evaluation should be carried out like any other biological. The only difference for a biosimilar is that regulatory approval relies on the safety and efficacy data and knowledge gained during the development and licensing of an originator, or reference product.

Regulating biosimilars throughout their life cycle

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/06/2018

A resolution to increase access to life-saving biologicals was passed in May 2014 at the Sixty-seventh World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. However, there still exist barriers to market access for biosimilars. Authors Drs Hye-Na Kang and Ivana Knezevic, from WHO, discuss the factors that give rise to these barriers and explain the importance of regulatory oversight throughout the product life-cycle of biosimilars [2].

Interchangeability between infliximab biosimilars with respect to immunogenicity

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 01/06/2018

In their editorial, Katsanos and colleagues [1] discuss a study carried out by Italian and Spanish researchers on the immunogenicity of infliximab biosimilars that finds that there is full interchangeability between infliximab biosimilars with respect to immunogenicity [2].

Utilization data and cost-effectiveness of infliximab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 25/05/2018

Studies of Celltrion/Hospira’s infliximab biosimilar (CT‑P13, Remsima/Inflectra) carried out in Canada and Germany have shown that, although there are large savings to be made, there are ‘significant differences in real-world utilization patterns’ of patients prescribed originator infliximab compared to those prescribed biosimilar infliximab (CT‑P13) [1, 2].

Secrecy is an obstacle to the use of biosimilars in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 11/05/2018

Factors that Professor Frank believes may be affecting uptake include naming and interchangeability guidance, insurance payment arrangements and secrecy about manufacturing processes [1]. In this article, secrecy about manufacturing processes is discussed.

Insurance payment arrangements are an obstacle to biosimilars use in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 04/05/2018

The slow development of the market competition for biosimilars in the US may be caused by several factors, according to Professor Richard Frank from the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA [1]. In this article, insurance payment arrangements for biologicals and biosimilars are discussed.

Biosimilars in rheumatology: the current state of play

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 04/05/2018

Biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have revolutionized the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases. Over two decades, their use has risen exponentially but their significant cost has contributed to increasing healthcare expenditure in many countries. Biosimilar development is an opportunity to lower drug expenses and optimize use. This review detailed the current state of biosimilars in rheumatology, including their development, trial data, economic impact and logistical considerations [1].

Interchangeability is an obstacle to the use of biosimilars in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 27/04/2018

According to Professor Richard Frank from the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, there are several factors that may account for the slow development of the market for biosimilars in the US [1]. In this article, the issue of interchangeability of biosimilars is discussed.

Phase I study of biosimilar trastuzumab demonstrates equivalent pharmacokinetics to reference product

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 27/04/2018

Trastuzumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, acts against the tyrosine kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is overexpressed in up to 30% of breast cancers and gastric cancers and has been linked to poor prognosis. In the age of targeted anticancer therapy, trastuzumab is a key treatment for patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) tumours and is recommended by a number of clinical guidelines. However, the use of ‘originator’ (or reference) biologicals, such as trastuzumab, is associated with high treatment costs; an issue set to be exacerbated by an ageing population. The improved cost-effectiveness potentially provided by a biosimilar may increase patient access to treatment.

Afucosylated biosimilars: the path to matching interrelated critical quality attributes

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 20/04/2018

Advances in analytical characterization and increased understanding of drug mechanisms of action have resulted in the ability to raise the quality and safety of biosimilars by introducing critical quality attributes (CQA), which must be preserved during the manufacturing process. However, to realize these benefits, biosimilars manufacturers must develop the means to ensure these CQAs are met. For afucosylated IgG1s that rely on afucosylation content for efficacy, this has been challenging, since precisely matching both afucosylation content and biological activity has proven to be extremely difficult. In a recent paper, Chung and Zhan [1] elaborate on the underlying basis of these difficulties and highlight the work of several groups that has opened a path to directly addressing this problem.

Naming is an obstacle to the use of biosimilars in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 20/04/2018

Factors that may account for the slow development of the market for biosimilars in the US are discussed by Professor Richard Frank from the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA [1]. In this article, the factor of biosimilars naming is discussed.

Obstacles to the use of biosimilars in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 13/04/2018

Professor Richard G Frank from the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, discusses factors that may account for the slow development of competition in the market for biosimilars in the US [1].