Biosimilars

Immunogenicity of biologicals: the role of post-translational modifications

Although produced under strict quality control(s) nascent endogenous proteins and glycoproteins (P/GP) are structurally heterogeneous and subject to further structural changes throughout their in vivo life cycle. A nascent polypeptide chain may be subject to co-translational modifications (CTMs) as it is extruded from the ribosome tunnel, e.g. the addition of oligosaccharide; edited for correct folding and initial oligosaccharide processing within the endoplasmic reticulum and subject to post-translational modifications (PTMs) during passage through the Golgi apparatus. The functional activity of a P/GP may be dependent on further chemical modifications (CMs), e.g. deamidation, enzymatic cleavage. These heterogeneities are compounded when determining the structure of a purified P/GP because further CMs may be introduced during its isolation, purification and characterization [1].

Alvogen opening biosimilars plant in Iceland

Iceland-based biopharmaceutical company Alvotech, a sister company of US generics company Alvogen, is set to open its state-of-the-art 11,800 square meter development and manufacturing facility for biosimilars in June 2016.

Effectiveness of ESAs in treating anaemia in kidney disease and cancer patients

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are biological analogues of human erythropoietin used for the treatment of anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients [1]. ESA biosimilars have been available on the Italian market since 2007. However, only limited post-marketing data exist on the comparative effectiveness of biosimilar and originator ESAs in routine care.

Biosimilars of eculizumab

Last update: 20 October 2017

Eculizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that is a terminal complement inhibitor. It is used to treat people with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH), for whom it improves quality of life but does not appear to affect the risk of death. It is also indicated for the treatment of patients with atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) – a disease that primarily affects kidney function – to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy.

Rituximab biosimilar from Sandoz accepted for review by EMA

Sandoz, the generics division of Novartis, announced on 24 May 2016 that its regulatory submission for its proposed rituximab biosimilar (GP2013) had been accepted by the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

Samsung Bioepis infliximab biosimilar accepted for review by FDA

Samsung Bioepis (a Biogen and Samsung joint venture) and Merck announced on 24 May 2016 that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had accepted for review a Biologics License Application (BLA) submitted by Samsung Bioepis for the companies’ infliximab biosimilar candidate, SB2.

Monoclonal antibodies and the challenge of substitution

Healthcare payers are eagerly awaiting the arrival of biosimilar competition in the innovative monoclonal antibody sector in order to drive down drug prices and increase patients’ access to these medicines. As the first to introduce scientific and regulatory requirements for the approval of biosimilars in 2004, the European Union (EU) has emerged as a testing ground for biosimilars. In view of the lack of stance of EU governments and national institutions on substitution for biosimilars, hospitals and healthcare structures logically took up this major issue.

Roche sues India’s drug regulator over Avastin ‘similar biologics’

Switzerland-based drug giant Roche has sued the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) in the Delhi High Court over ‘similar biologic’ versions of its cancer blockbuster Avastin (bevacizumab).

Pharmacokinetic behaviour of a trastuzumab biocomparables

Biosimilars represent a viable alternative for the treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases of many patients worldwide who cannot afford the costs of biotherapies based on originator products. Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody, which is used for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. In the review paper of Miranda-Hernández et al. [1], the authors described the development of a trastuzumab biocomparable by Mexico-based Probiomed. This biocomparable, according to the authors, was developed in compliance with international guidelines and the characterization of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs), as well as the pharmacokinetic parameters evaluated in healthy volunteers, demonstrated comparability with the reference product.

Switching between different ESAs

Switching between reference biologicals and biosimilars can be a contentious issue. A study from Italy, however, has found that this phenomenon is not limited to reference products and their biosimilars, but also often occurs between originator biologicals and other originator biologicals within the same category [1].

Positive phase III results for omalizumab copy biological

US-based biopharmaceutical company Sorrento Therapeutics (Sorrento) announced on 16 May 2016 that its partner, MabTech had successfully completed a combined phase II and III clinical trial in China for STI-004, a copy biological for omalizumab (Xolair). STI 004 met its primary endpoint in a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study.

Uptake of biosimilars increasing in Spain

Use of biosimilars in Madrid, Spain, has increased after approaches were introduced to try and improve uptake of biosimilars in the country, according to Ainhoa Aranguren Oyarzábal and colleagues from the Madrid Health Service (MHS), Spain [1].

Clinical and regulatory issues for biosimilars

As the first biosimilars are being approved in the US, there are a number of clinical and regulatory issues that must be considered for the safe and appropriate utilization of these products within the health system [1]. Biosimilars provide the opportunity to lower cost and improve access to important biological treatments. However, their success will depend largely on their acceptance by clinicians, payers and patients.

Samsung Bioepis to launch infliximab biosimilar in South Korea

Samsung Bioepis has completed the regulatory process to enable the launch of its second biosimilar Renflexis (infliximab) in South Korea.

Japan proving to be a favourable market for biosimilars

Uptake of biosimilars in Japan is on a par with generics use for some products, making Japan a lucrative market for biosimilars makers.

Approaches to increase uptake of biosimilars in Spain

Ainhoa Aranguren Oyarzábal and colleagues from the Madrid Health Service (MHS), Spain, describe approaches that have been introduced in Spain to try and improve uptake of biosimilars in the country [1].

Benepali wins Danish tender for etanercept

Denmark’s drug procurement agency Amgros has chosen the etanercept biosimilar Benepali, made by Samsung Bioepis, as the priority drug for treating rheumatoid arthritis rather than the originator biological (Amgen’s Enbrel).

A strategic approach to increase uptake of biosimilars in Spain

Ainhoa Aranguren Oyarzábal and colleagues from the Madrid Health Service (MHS), Spain, describe the strategic approach that has been introduced in Spain to try and improve uptake of biosimilars in the country [1].

Biosimilars applications under review by EMA – April 2016

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is the body responsible for approval of biosimilars within the European Union (EU). A legal framework for approving biosimilars was established in 2003. Approval of biosimilars is based on an abbreviated registration process, which allows biosimilars manufacturers to provide a reduced package of information compared to originator drugs, provided they can prove ‘similarity’ to the originator or reference drug.

Improving uptake of biosimilars in Spain

Ainhoa Aranguren Oyarzábal and colleagues from the Madrid Health Service (MHS), Spain, investigated how efforts to improve the uptake of biosimilars in the country have been working.

Samsung Bioepis starts phase III trial for bevacizumab biosimilar

South Korean electronics giant Samsung and biotechnology company Biogen Idec’s joint venture Samsung Bioepis has started a phase III clinical trial for a biosimilar version of Roche’s cancer blockbuster Avastin (bevacizumab).

Biosimilars group launched in UK to improve biosimilars uptake

On 18 April 2016, the British Generic Manufacturers Association (BGMA) announced the launch of its expert sector group on biosimilars, the British Biosimilars Association (BBA).

US rheumatologists in favour of distinct names for biosimilars

Following the approval of the infliximab biosimilar Inflectra (infliximab-dyyb) the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) has issued a statement supporting the use of distinct names for biosimilars.

Biosimilars: the clinical perspective

How biosimilars can be viewed from a clinical perspective was discussed in a review of biosimilars in rheumatology by author José M Serra López-Matencio and colleagues from the Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain*.

New administration route for epoetin alfa biosimilar Binocrit

Sandoz, the generics division of Novartis, announced on 8 April 2016 that the European Commission (EC) has approved a type II variation for the addition of a subcutaneous (SC) route of administration for its epoetin alfa biosimilar Binocrit’s nephrology (kidney function) indication.

A multidisciplinary perspective on biosimilars

A biosimilar is an officially regulated and approved copy of an originator biological therapy. Authors Khraishi et al. aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the biosimilar development process and multidisciplinary guidance on their potential therapeutic utility in clinical practice [1]. They discussed clinical developments in the introduction of biosimilars across the expert disciplines of gastroenterology, nephrology, oncology and rheumatology, and from a payer perspective. They highlight a common need for ongoing pharmacovigilance, robust head-to-head clinical studies, and real-world data to establish the long-term risk-benefit profile of biosimilars.

Biosimilars: management of clinical issues

How to manage clinical issues encountered with biosimilars was a topic discussed in a review of biosimilars in rheumatology by author José M Serra López-Matencio and colleagues from the Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain*.

BioOutsource launches ready-to-use biosimilarity assays

Sartorius Stedim BioOutsource (BioOutsource), a subsidiary of Sartorius Stedim Biotech, has launched a range of ready-to-use assays for testing biosimilarity. The assays are available for biosimilars of Hoffmann–La Roche/Chugai’s rheumatoid arthritis treatment Actemra (tocilizumab), Centocor’s psoriasis treatment Stelara (ustekinumab) and Novartis/Genentech’s age-related macular degeneration drug Lucentis (ranibizumab).

FDA approves infliximab biosimilar Inflectra

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced on 5 April 2016 that it had approved the country’s second biosimilar Inflectra (infliximab).

EMA recommends approval of infliximab biosimilar Flixabi

The European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) announced on 1 April 2016 that it had recommended granting of marketing authorization for a biosimilar infliximab product (SB2).

Biosimilars of insulin glargine

Last update: 27 November 2020

Insulin glargine is a long-acting basal insulin analogue, given once daily to help control the blood sugar level of those with diabetes. It consists of microcrystals that slowly release insulin, giving a long duration of action of 18 to 26 hours. Insulin glargine is indicated for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children aged two years and above.

European regulatory pathways for biosimilars

The European regulatory pathways for biosimilars were discussed in a review of biosimilars in rheumatology by author José M Serra López-Matencio and colleagues from the Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain*.

IPRF template for summary information for biosimilar reviews

The Biosimilars Working Group (BWG) of the International Pharmaceutical Regulators Forum (IPRF) has released a template for Public Assessment Summary Information for Biosimilar (PASIB).

How the biosimilars market is changing

Access to high quality medicine at affordable prices without jeopardizing patients’ health is one of the key challenges in developed countries where rising life expectancy and growing average age puts pressure on national healthcare systems. Biosimilars represent a class of medicinal products that seem to be attractive in tackling this challenge. However, market acceptance of biosimilars in general is still low.

Biologicals: characteristics that make them unique and special

The unique characteristics of biologicals were discussed in a review of biosimilars in rheumatology by author José M Serra López-Matencio and colleagues from the Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain*.

Biocon receives Japanese approval for insulin glargine biosimilar

India-based biologicals specialist Biocon announced on 28 March 2016 that it had received approval from Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) for its insulin glargine biosimilar.

IGBA opposes WHO biological qualifier

The World Health Organization (WHO) is considering a proposal to assign Biological Qualifiers (BQs), which are random alphabetic codes, to help standardize the naming of biologicals, including biosimilars [1]. However, not everyone agrees with their proposal.

Biosimilars: a new challenge in the current pharmacology

In a review of biosimilars in rheumatology author José M Serra López-Matencio and colleagues from the Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain discuss issues surrounding biosimilars*.

Epoetin alfa biosimilar effective in treating anaemia

Authors of a post-marketing study of the epoetin alfa biosimilar Retacrit say that the biosimilar is effective and well tolerated in treating chemotherapy-induced anaemia (CIA) [1].

Pharmacovigilance for mAbs

Professor Pierre Michetti, a gastroenterologist at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland in his paper discusses questions related to monoclonal antibody (mAb) biosimilars [1]. One question addressed was that of pharmacovigilance for mAbs.