In Europe, the patents of protein products manufactured using biotechnology started to expire in 2000, and more than 10 will have expired by the end of the decade, including patents for growth hormones, α-, β- and γ-interferon interferon, human insulins, epoetin alfa, interleukin 2, G-CSF, follitropin, streptokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator. As with traditional low-molecular-weight chemically derived pharmaceuticals, this allows the possibility of developing new and cheaper versions of these biopharmaceutical products. However, while the former products are relatively easy to manufacture, the latter ones are much more challenging to produce, for many reasons. Recombinant proteins are large molecules, which have a highly complex three-dimensional structure and are not synthesised in vitro, but produced and secreted by genetically modified cells. During this process, proteins can undergo posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, that lead to heterogeneity.
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Generics
News
- US generics launch and approval for Dr Reddy’s and Lupin
- Five Chinese companies join UN’s MPP for Covid-19 medicines
- South Korean companies to make generic Bridion and COVID-19 drugs
- Revlimid (lenalidomide) generics launch across Europe
Research
- Evaluation of pharmaceutical equivalency of manufactured generic drugs in UAE
- New insights into the amount of R & D for new uses of generic drugs
- Pricing and reimbursement of medicines in Canada
- Medicines pricing conditions in Italy and Brazil: comparison of regulations
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Biosimilars
News
- China approves tocilizumab copy biological BAT1806
- FDA accepts application for denosumab biosimilar GP2411
- EMA accepts application for ustekinumab biosimilar AVT04
- Ranibizumab biosimilar Ximluci and Amelivu to launch in the UK and South Korea
Research
- A global overview of manufacturers of follow-on biologicals
- Study supports increased development of insulin biosimilars
- Malaysian hospital pharmacists’ perspective on and role in promoting biosimilars use
- Survey demonstrates US pharmacist biosimilar knowledge gaps
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