A recent study carried out in Malaysia has shown that pharmacists in the country have a lack of confidence in generic medicines produced by local pharmaceutical companies [1].
The generics market in Malaysia has grown quickly to reach a market worth US$416 million in 2009, and is estimated to reach up to US$625.5 million by 2016, see figure 1 [2]. The country has many local generics companies manufacturing a wide range of products. Despite this Malaysian pharmacists have a lower perception of the quality of locally produced generics compared to those made by international companies.
Figure 1: Generics revenue growth in Malaysia
Source: PharmaAsia
The role of pharmacists in generics substitution is critical, as patients in Malaysia tend to use generic medicines only if they receive reassurance from the pharmacist about their quality.
This descriptive study was carried out by mailing a self-completed anonymous questionnaire to all 270 practising pharmacists in the State of Penang, Malaysia. Responses were received from 48 pharmacists (17.8%).
The majority of respondents (97.9%) actively dispensed generics in their practices. However, only 37.5% of the respondents viewed locally manufactured generics as equal in quality compared to imported generics from international manufacturers, see Figure 2. Despite this, approximately 60% of respondents agreed that domestic generics were equal in safety and efficacy to imported generics.
Figure 2: Pharmacists perceptions about locally produced generic medications [1]
Interestingly, almost half of respondents (47.9%) also believed that imported generics needed to pass more stringent approval processes. The vast majority of respondents (73%) believed that policies for the substitution of brand-name products with generics need to be introduced in Malaysia. And the majority of pharmacists (68.8%) also urged the Malaysian regulatory authorities to introduce measures to convince pharmacists about the quality of domestic generics.
Studies from various countries have indicated that pharmacists are generally in favour of generics substitution and view generic medicines as efficacious and safe [3-6]. However, the results from this study [1], and the fact that Malaysian pharmacists have a lack of confidence with locally produced generics has also been confirmed in a previous study [7]. This obviously then makes Malaysian pharmacists more likely to prescribe more expensive generics from international companies rather than the cheaper locally produced versions.
Conclusion
Although it appears that Malaysian pharmacists have largely accepted the use of generic medicines, they still have concerns about the reliability and quality of domestic generics products. Therefore, pharmacists need to be educated and reassured about the generics manufacturing and approval system in Malaysia, especially concerning quality, efficacy and safety [1].
However, the Malaysian government’s initiatives remain the biggest influence on generics drug production and revenue growth in Malaysia.
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References
1. Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Saleem F, ul Haq N, Chua G. Community pharmacist’s perceptions towards the quality of locally manufactured generic medicines: a descriptive study from Malaysia. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2012;02(01):56-60.
2. PharmAsia News. Malaysia aims to boost economy with stepped up production of generic drugs. 26 July 2010.
3. Al-Gedadi NA, Hassali MA. Pharmacists’ views on generic medicines: a review of the literature. Journal of Generic Medicines. 2008;5(3):209-18.
4. Allenet B, Barry H. Opinion and behaviour of pharmacists towards the substitution of branded drugs by generic drugs: survey of 1,000 French community pharmacists. Pharm World and Sci. 2003;25(5):197-202.
5. Chong CP, Hassali MA, Bahari MB, Shafie AA. Evaluating community pharmacists’ perceptions of future generic substitution policy implementation: A national survey from Malaysia. Health Policy. 2010;94:68-75.
6. Kirking DM, Gaither CA, Ascione FJ, Welage LS. Pharmacists' individual and organizational views on generic medications. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2001;41(5):723-8.
7. Chong CP, Hassali MA, Bahari MB, Shafie AA. Exploring community pharmacists’ views on generic medicines: a nationwide study from Malaysia. Int J Clin Pharm. 2011;33:124-31.
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