Biosimilars
Relieving the economic burden on EU healthcare budgets: spotlight on IV trastuzumab and rituximab biosimilars
In an ageing society with increasing medical need, biological treatments have played a key role in reforming the management of cancer, autoimmune and certain preventable diseases. Yet, biological treatments impose a significant financial burden on the healthcare system and healthcare payers.
Biosimilars of enoxaparin sodium
Enoxaparin sodium is an anticoagulant medication (blood thinner). It is used to treat and prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) including during pregnancy and following certain types of surgery. It is also used in those with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and heart attacks.
Characteristics associated with biosimilar use in Medicare recipients
What patient, physician and practice characteristics are associated with biosimilar usage for the biologicals filgrastim and infliximab was a question asked by researchers from the US [1].
British Columbia adds adalimumab to biosimilar switching programme
British Columbia (BC), the first province in Canada to switch patients to biosimilar drugs, has added adalimumab to its switching programme. Almost 6,000 patients will be transitioned from originator adalimumab (Humira) to one of five biosimilar versions.
Biosimilars in the treatment of psoriasis
A recent paper by Spanish dermatologists reviews the principles of biosimilarity and equivalence trials that have led to the approval of the available adalimumab biosimilars [1]. Given the current sophistication of the analytical processes, the need to include therapeutic equivalence trials for some drug classes might be eventually waived, but they are currently standard. Equivalence trials are designed to establish that the efficacy and safety of the biosimilar are similar to those of the reference biological, with a predetermined margin of equivalence that in psoriasis ranges from ±14% to ±18%. Lower margins would imply potentially unaffordable sizes of treatment groups. The primary endpoint of the study and the timing of the determination may or may not be the same as those used in the pivotal trials of the reference biological, but the number of patients included is intentionally lower; the statistical design of equivalence trials is currently the subject of active research. In many equivalence studies, biosimilars obtain response rates higher than those reported in the pivotal studies for the originator, probably because of the absence of a placebo arm, which would tend to raise researchers’ and patients’ efficacy expectations.
Advances for Formycon and Alteogen’s eye disease biosimilar candidates
In March 2021, Formycon confirmed the resubmission strategy for their Lucentis® (ranibizumab) biosimilar candidate (FYB2010) in the US. In addition, Alteogen announced the completion of its phase I clinical trial of Eylea® (aflibercept) biosimilar (ALT-L9). Both of these biological drugs are used to treat conditions leading to the loss of vision.
Adalimumab biosimilar FKB327 causes less pain than originator
Fujifilm Kyowa Kirin Biologics’ adalimumab biosimilar FKB327 has been found to cause less injection-site pain compared to the reference product, according to data from more than 1,001 subjects and patients [1].
Biosimilars regulation, clinical trials, approval and adverse events in Malaysia
Compared to chemical drugs, biologicals are more expensive because of their complicated manufacturing processes. Patients often use biologicals for long-term therapy, which may exert huge budgetary pressure on healthcare systems. One alternative solution to address this issue is to use biosimilars that are similar to the originator biologicals, with no clinical differences in terms of quality, efficacy, safety and immunogenicity. In Malaysia, the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) approved the country’s first biosimilar, somatropin, in 2010. Since then, the number of approved biosimilars and clinical trials on biosimilars continue to rise. With increased use of biosimilars, an increased number of adverse events (AEs) is expected because like any other biological, they may elicit immunogenic reactions.
FDA accepts application for adalimumab biosimilar CHS-1420
US-based Coherus BioSciences (Coherus) announced on 17 February 2021 that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had accepted the application for their proposed adalimumab biosimilar CHS-1420.
Biosimilars of ustekinumab
Ustekinumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that interferes with the triggering of the body’s inflammatory response through the suppression of certain cytokines. Specifically, it blocks interleukin IL 12 and IL 23 which help activate certain T cells. It binds to the p 40 subunit of both IL 12 and IL 23 so that they subsequently cannot bind to their receptors. It is indicated for the treatment of Crohn’s disease, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
