Biosimilars
How far does similarity go?
How much similarity does a biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) have to show to its reference mAb? The European overarching biosimilar guideline states that a biosimilar needs to be ‘similar, in molecular and biological terms, to the active substance of the reference medicinal product.’ The guideline gives an example to highlight this, stating that an interferon alfa-2b would not be acceptable as a reference product to a biosimilar interferon alfa-2a1. Because interferon alfa-2a and alfa-2b differ in only one amino acid, the guideline thus indicates that the entire amino acid sequence of the two molecules should be identical.
What clinical trials will be required for biosimilar mAbs?
The relevant European guideline states that if the reference medicinal product has more than one indication, the efficacy and safety of a biosimilar has to be justified, if necessary by demonstrating it separately for each indication claimed. The guideline brings up the possibility of ‘extrapolating’ efficacy (granting several clinical indications that are licensed for the reference product, although only one of the indications has been studied in the clinical development programme of the biosimilar). This would not be done without serious consideration. The mechanism of action of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is usually complex and in many cases only partially understood.
Technical challenges in defining mAbs
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly complex molecules with secondary and tertiary structures. The drug substance (the molecule itself) and drug product (the pharmaceutically formulated final product) are heterogeneous, i.e. a mixture of several slightly different structures. Although the molecular characterisation of a mAb molecule itself might have reached a high level of precision, reliability, quality and reproducibility, various possibilities for mAb heterogeneity exist. Variations to the mAb protein include alternative disulfide pairings/disulfide shuffling, deamidation, (methionine) oxidation, cyclisation of N-terminal glutamine residues and partial enzymatic cleavage during manufacturing. Variations of post-translational modifications such as glycosylation patterns include differential addition of sugars, alternative branching of sugar chains and others. Physicochemical characterisation of these characteristics currently remains cumbersome.
Phase I trial of a biosimilar erythropoietin
A Phase I clinical trial of Hospira’s biosimilar erythropoietin (EPO) in patients with anaemia associated with chronic renal failure and chemotherapy has started in the US.
FDA approves first biosimilar enoxaparin sodium
On 23 July 2010, Momenta Pharmaceuticals and Sandoz announced that they had received approval from the FDA for their biosimilar version of sanofi-aventis’s (sanofi-aventis’s ) blockbuster blood thinning drug, Lovenox (enoxaparin sodium).
The biosimilars challenge
What are the challenges facing biosimilars? This was the question broached in a paper by Professor Håkan Mellstedt of the Department of Oncology, at the Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
Challenges in the development of biosimilars mAbs
What are the challenges facing development of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in Europe? This was the question broached in a paper by Dr Christian Schneider – Chairman of both the Committee for Advanced Therapies and Biosimilar Medicinal Products Working Party and Co-opted member of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.
Development of biosimilars mAbs
Is the development of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) possible in Europe? This was the question broached in a paper by Dr Christian Schneider – Chairman of both the Committee for Advanced Therapies and Biosimilar Medicinal Products Working Party and Co-opted member of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use.
Cipla enters the biosimilars market
India-based generics’ manufacturer Cipla is paying US$65 million to buy a significant minority stake in two Asian biotech companies with plans to develop a range of discounted biosimilars, generic substitutable versions of branded biologic drugs. Cipla's Chairman says he specifically wants to create follow-on therapies to three of Roche's top biologics – Avastin, Enbrel and Herceptin – that account annually for US$19 billion in sales.
Hospira’s biosimilar filgrastim product Nivestim approved
On 10 June 2010, Hospira received approval from the European Commission for its biosimilar filgrastim product, Nivestim, for the prevention of febrile neutropenia and reduction in duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
