Generics/Research

Safety monitoring of drug interchangeability

Generics/Research | Posted 20/11/2015

When a brand-name drug is going off patent protection, pharmaceutical or generics companies may file an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) for approval of a generic drug. As indicated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), two drug products are claimed to be bioequivalent (BE) if the 90% confidence interval (CI) for the geometric mean ratio is totally within the bioequivalent limits of (80%, 125%) based on log-transformed data [1, 2] and an approved generic drug can be used as a substitute for the brand-name drug. FDA, however, does not indicate that approved generics of the same brand-name drug can be used interchangeably. Assume a patient switches the generic drug from BE 125% to BE 80% or from BE 80% to BE 125%, the change of the drug concentration in blood are both dramatic. As more generics become available in the marketplace, it is a concern whether the approved generics are safe and can be used interchangeably.

FDA evaluation of residual solvents in generics

Generics/Research | Posted 13/11/2015

Differences between generics and their reference product in terms of inactive ingredients, e.g. residual solvents, are allowed if applicants provide information demonstrating that these differences do not affect the safety or efficacy of the proposed drug product. Authors from the Office of Generic Drugs at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) highlight general toxicology concerns caused by formulation differences between generic and originator drugs [1].

Prescribing generics for chronic musculoskeletal pain

Generics/Research | Posted 06/11/2015

The use of generics has become an issue of concern, both in public health and economical terms. Nevertheless, parallel to an ever-stronger advocacy for their use, various sources of information have reported patients’ concerns regarding substitution. Using a qualitative interview study, researchers from Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva investigated the personal definitions and understanding of generics in patients suffering from non-specific chronic musculoskeletal pain, to elucidate the reasons that might explain why patients are confident or reluctant to take generics [1].

FDA evaluation of impurities in generics

Generics/Research | Posted 30/10/2015

Although generics may differ from their reference product in terms of inactive ingredients, which includes impurities, such compounds in generics, especially genotoxic impurities, are an area of increasing concern for the pharmaceutical and regulatory world. Authors from the Office of Generic Drugs at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) highlight general toxicology concerns caused by such formulation differences between generic and originator drugs [1].

FDA evaluation of excipients in generics

Generics/Research | Posted 23/10/2015

Generics may differ from their reference product in terms of inactive ingredients, e.g. excipients, provided this does not affect the safety and efficacy of the product. Authors from the Office of Generic Drugs at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) highlight general toxicology concerns caused by such formulation differences between generic and originator drugs [1].

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of osteoporosis drugs

Generics/Research | Posted 16/10/2015

Comparison of treatments for osteoporosis has shown that pharmacological intervention for prevention of secondary fractures is cost-effective [1].

Impact of antiretroviral generics on the Italian National Health Service

Generics/Research | Posted 09/10/2015

The cost of antiretroviral therapies (ART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is now considered a chronic disease [1], represents an increasing burden for healthcare services worldwide. In particular, the availability on the market of new antiretroviral drugs, often more effective and more expensive than those available, lead to the need to identify cost containing strategies to ensure the economic sustainability of the healthcare service and to provide effective treatments to patients. Over the next few years, several patents for antiretroviral drugs will expire, giving the possibility for generics to enter the market. The availability of new generics on the market, may lead to a lowering of ART costs, and therefore to the affordability to provide the aforementioned new and innovative drugs.

Formulation differences between generics and reference products

Generics/Research | Posted 02/10/2015

Authors from the Office of Generic Drugs at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) highlight general toxicology concerns caused by formulation differences between generic and originator drugs [1].

Stakeholder perceptions of generics

Generics/Research | Posted 25/09/2015

Considerable emphasis is presently being placed on usage of generics by governments focussed on the potential economic benefits associated with their use. Concurrently, there is increasing discussion in the lay media of perceived doubts regarding the quality and equivalence of generics. Consequently, the opinions of key stakeholders in the provision and consumption of medicines are of importance when considering how generics are accepted by both healthcare professionals and the general public alike.

The history of generics in France

Generics/Research | Posted 19/09/2015

The introduction of generics in France has been slow and cumbersome. It has taken 20 years for integration of generics into the market and for acceptance to be reached by healthcare professionals and patients. In a historical review of the emergence of generics in France, Rottembourg and Nasica-Labouze [1] reflect on developments in the generics market over this time.